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非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，主要起到补充说明的作用，将非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，从句与主句之间往往有逗号隔开，独立存在，不会影响整个句子的意思。
一、非限制性定语从句使用的常见情形
非限制性定语从句，主要用于：
1. 先行词本就锁定无需再使用定语从句锁定的情况
这些情况主要有：先行词为专有名词、世界上独一无二的事物、人称代词、被物主代词或指示代词修饰等。例如：
Bungee jumping， which is a new extreme sport， has become popular with young people in the past decades. 蹦极是一项新的极限运动，在过去的几十年里已经受到年轻人的欢迎。
Those miners， who have been trapped in the mine for 5 days， became the concern for the whole nation. 这些矿工，被困在矿井里5天，成为全国人民的关注点。
2. 先行词表示泛指或类指无需锁定的情况。例如：
Alice sent me a birthday present， which arrived yesterday. 艾丽丝给我送了生日礼物，昨天到了。
3. 先行词为句子或某一句子成分。例如：
As is known to the world， China has a good performance in the prevention of Covid-19. 众所周知，中国在防治Covid-19方面表现良好。
二、两类定语从句七不同
定语从句可分为限制性和非限制性两种，它们在用法上有如下区别：
1. 能否删除不同
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的修饰成分，若删除，主句的意思则不完整或不明确;非限定性定语从句是先行词的补充或附加说明，即使删除，主句的意思依然清楚完整。例如：
Those who want to go please hand in their money tonight.想去的人请今晚把钱交上来。（限制性，删除后意思不明确）
This is a Chinese-English dictionary， which I borrowed from Li Ping. 这是一本汉英词典，我是从李平那里借的。（非限制性，可删除）
2. 是否用逗号隔开不同
限制性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号分开，而非限定性定语从句常用逗号与主句分开。例如：
He is the man who often helps me with my study. 他就是那个经常帮助我学习的人。
I know the driver，whom you were talking with just now. 我认识那位司机，就是刚才同你说话的那位。
3. 对先行词的要求不同
限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。例如：
He is one of the students who （that） have been invited.他是被邀请的学生之一。（the students）
He doesn’t know English，which you already know. 他不懂英语，这一点你已知道。（先行词为整个主句）
4. 关系代词能否省略不同
限制性定语从句中，充当宾语的关系代词通常可省略，例如：
Are you interested in the girl （whom / who / that） you spoke to just now？
I lost the magazine （which / that） I borrowed from my English teacher.
而非限制性定語从句中，即使是充当宾语的关系代词也不能省略。例如：
There was a terrible noise in midnight，which I heard and felt much frightened.
5. 能否使用关系代词that不同
限制性定语从句可以用that引导，非限制性从句无论指人还是指物均不能用that，指人用who，指物用which。例如：
I don’t like the book which （that） she sent me.
Do you know the girl who （that） is standing by the door？
This is Comrade Li Fen， who comes from Beijing University.
She lost the English book， which was given by Alice.
6. 能否使用关系副词why不同
引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有where和when。why只能用于限制性定语从句。例如：
He lives a faraway village， where he can enjoy fresh air and silence.他住在一个偏远的村
庄，在那他可以享受新鲜空气和宁静。
In the old days， when I was a child， there was no cinema in the town. 过去，当我还是个孩子时，镇上没有电影院。
when在引导一个有逗号和前面句子隔开的句子时，常被看作并列连词，其意义相当于and then， just then， at the time等。例如：
The meeting will be put off till the day after tomorrow， when all the comrades will be back from the farm. 会议被推迟到后天，这时所有的同志将从农场返回。
作为关系副词，why可引导限制性定语从句，但不能引导非限制性定语从句。若引导非限制性定语从句，则要用for which代替why。例如：
That is the reason why （for which） she refused your invitation. 那就是她拒绝你邀请的原因。
I had told them the reason， for which I didn’t attend the meeting.我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没去开会。
一、单项选择
1．A good advertisement, ________ people attach positive meanings, can contribute to the sales of a product.
A．to whichB．of whichC．for whichD．on which
2．Addressing these important issues will benefit not only the army, but ________ is often the case, the entire country.
A．asB．whichC．thatD．if
3．I have sent her several letters, ________ she hasn’t replied so far, so I decide to write her again.
A．with whichB．in whichC．to whichD．on which
4．Marin and his wife both go to work every day by bicycle, ________ contributes to keeping the body healthy.
A．asB．thatC．whichD．when
5．It’s a remote village with a small population, 30% of ________ make a living in fishing industry.
A．whoB．whomC．whoseD．that
6．This online learning platform allows each student’s progress ______ closely by their adviser, ______ job is to analyze individual learner’s needs.
A．to monitor; hisB．to monitor; whose
C．to be monitored; hisD．to be monitored; whose
7．________ you know, Lily is an excellent student in our class.
A．WhichB．AsC．ThatD．Who
8．My favorite writer is J.K Rowling, most of ________ books have been adapted for films.
A．whichB．thatC．whomD．whose
9．Last July, I went to Australia for summer vacation with my best friend Lisa, ________ was really a memorable experience for me.
A．whenB．thatC．whereD．which
10．The disease,________ origin has so far not been found ,became widespread in the 1980s.
A．whoseB．whoC．whichD．that
11．______ is known to all, Taiwan belongs to China.
A．WhichB．WhatC．ThatD．As
12．Tom, __________ bicycle I went to the concert, is a friend of mine.
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