The Attributive Clause
它分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的那个词称为先行词。
关系代词:which, that， who, whom, whose，as(在句中充当成分，可作主语,宾语，表语，定语）
引导词
关系副词：when， where, why，在句中只作状语。
e。g。 She is an English teacher who likes singing songs.
先行词 定语从句
引导词(从句中做主语）
关系词的作用：1.引导定语从句;2。 代替先行词；3。 在从句中担当一个成分
e。g. This is the best film that I have seen.
Ⅰ 关系代词
（1)who, whom引导的定语从句
who | 指人 | 作主语/宾语（可省略） | |
whom | 指人 | 宾语（可省略） | 介词后不可省略 |
a. What’s the name of the girl who just came in？
b。 Do you know the student to whom Jane is talking？（不能用who）
（2）that 引导的定语从句
that | 人或物 | 主语 宾语 表语 | 不引导非限制性定语从句，不位于介词后。 |
a。 Here is the money that/which will be given to you.
b。 Do you like the book (that/which） you borrowed yesterday?
c。 He is no longer the boy that he used to be。
(3)。which引导的定语从句
which | 指物 | 主语或宾语(可省略) | 在介词后不可省略 |
a. The building which /that stands near the river is our school。
b。 The room in which there are a lot of books is a reading room.
(4）whose引导的定语从句
whose是关系代词who与which的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语, whose 指人或物,在从句中作定语。
whose是关系代词who与which的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语, whose 指人或物,在从句中作定语。
Have you seen a dictionary whose cover is blue？
(the cover of which is blue）？
▲whose经常后接名词，这结构可以用the+名词＋of+whom/which来替换，意义不变。也就是说，表示所属关系， whose + n。 = of which/ whom + the + n.
= the + n。 + of which/ whom
e.g。 He is an whose daughter studies abroad。
excellent teacher， the daughter of whom studies abroad。
excellent teacher， the daughter of whom studies abroad。
【练习】1. There are in this class 20 students， ______ are different。
A。 whose backgrounds B。 the backgrounds of whom
C。 of whom the backgrounds D. the backgrounds of whose
2. They live in a house， whose door faces south.
=_They live in a house,________________________________________________
=_They live in a house，________________________________________________
（5）非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如：
e。g. There are 60 students in our class， two thirds of whom have been to Beijing
【练习】1。 The committee consists of 20 members， 5 of _______ are women。
2。 The book contains 50 poems, most of ________ was written in 1930s。
3。 There are two left， one of _______ is almost finished， and the other of _______ is n
ot quite.
限制性从句4. I have a sentence， the meaning of _______ I don’t understand.
=____________________ I don’t understand.
【总结】名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom 表示：1）所有关系 2)整体与部分关系
【注意】关系代词引导定语从句时，要注意几点：
1。 whom， which作介词宾语时,介词一般可以放在它们的前面,也可以放在从句原来的位置上，但是含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词应该放在原来的位置上。
There is a room in which you can study.
which you can study in。
Rose is the student after whom you should look. ╳
/of whom you should take care. ╳
Rose is the student whom you should look after/take care of. √
2. ☆ 只用that不用which的情况:
1)。当先行词是不定代词时，如:all, everything, anything， nothing, much， few， little, none， the one等。
All that can be done has been done。
2）。先行词前有few， little， no， all， every等词修饰时。
There is no difficulty that we can’t overcome。
3）先行词被the only, the very, the right， just the， one of 等修饰时.
This is the very book that belongs to him.
This is one of the toys that interest the boy。
4）.先行词被序数词first, last， 等或形容词的最高级修饰时.
This is the first/best letter that I’ve written in English.
5).当先行词既有人又有物时。
They talked about the teachers and the schools (that) they had visited。
6).当关系词在从句中作表语时。
China isn't the country that she used to be 50 years ago。
7）当主句是 以who， which， 或what开头的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop？
What did you hear that made you so angry?Which is the book that you need?
8)there be 句型中,先行词指物时。
There is a seat in the corner that is still free。
☆只用which不用that的情况
1）引导非限制性定语从句。
His money was stolen by a thief， which made him very sad.
2）。当关系代词前有介词。
This is the factory in which my mother works。
3）。当先行词本身是that时.
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now。
4）。当关系词后有插入语时
This is the dictionary which， as I have told you， is helpful for you。
5）。为避免重复
The book that I gave you just now is about computer science which is very important.
☆只用who不用that 的情况
1）当先行词是one ，ones，anyone,those或people时
Anyone who breaks the rule must be punished。
God help those who help themselves。
2）当先行词是I, he, they，you等时(常用于谚语中)
He who plays with fire gets burned。
I， who am your friend， will give you a hand when you are in trouble。
3）在there be结构中，先行词指人时。
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