限制性定语从句是英语语法中常见的一种句子结构，用于修饰名词或代词，进一步说明或限定其指代范围。引导词是连接主句和从句的桥梁，起到引导从句的作用。本文将介绍限制性定语从句的引导词以及常见的结构形式。
引导词的种类
限制性定语从句的引导词主要包括：that、who、whom、which和whose。其中，that用于修饰人或物，who用于修饰人，whom用于修饰人作宾语，which用于修饰物，而whose用于修饰人或物的所有格。
结构形式的运用
限制性定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面，对其进行进一步说明或限定。下面是一些常见的结构形式：
1. that引导的限制性定语从句
- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
- The car that he drives is expensive.
- The company that I work for is located in Beijing.
2. who和whom引导的限制性定语从句
- The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.
- The man whom I met this morning is a famous scientist.
- The students who are studying abroad have broadened their horizons.限制性从句
3. which引导的限制性定语从句
- The house which is next to the park belongs to my aunt.
- The movie which won the Best Picture award is worth watching.
- The computer which he bought last week broke down.
4. whose引导的限制性定语从句
- The girl whose bag was stolen reported it to the police.
- The professor whose research is highly regarded by his colleagues will give a lecture tomorrow.
- The company whose products are of high quality has gained a good reputation.
需要注意的地方
在使用限制性定语从句时，需注意以下几点：
1. 关系代词who和which在限制性定语从句中可以省略，但that不能省略。
- The car, (which/that) he drives, is expensive.
2. 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，需使用whom。
- The woman whom I spoke to is my boss.
3. 当关系代词修饰前面有介词的名词时，需使用介词+which的形式。
- The magazine on which I spent a lot of money is very interesting.
4. 如果在定语从句中需要强调的内容已经被前面的名词或代词强调过了，可以使用that来代替who/whom/which/whose加强独立性。
- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
总结
限制性定语从句是英语中较为常见的句子结构，通过引导词和结构形式对名词或代词进行进一步的说明和限定。在使用过程中，需要注意引导词的选择和结构的灵活运用。只有正确理解和运用限制性定语从句，才能更好地表达自己的观点和意思，使文章更加丰富和准确。
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