限制性定语从句用法归纳
1. 限制性定语从句是主句中先行词不可缺少的组成部分,如果去掉,主句的意思往往不完整或不明确。书写时,先行词与定语从句之间不用逗号分隔;译成汉语时,一般先翻译限制性定语从句,再翻译先行词。如:
I still remember the teacher who taught me English. 我还记得教我英语的那位老师。
Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time. 钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。
2. who与that在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。作介词宾语时,who 和that不能放在介词之后,应将介词放在定语从句相关动词或形容词之后;如果将介词提前放在定语从句的前面,则不能用who或that,而要用whom或which。另外,whom或which作宾语时常可省略,但前面有介词时则不可省略。试比较:
限制性从句译:我们所住的房子被拆除了。
正:The house where we lived was demolished.
正:The house in which we lived was demolished.
正:The house (which / that) we lived in was demolished.
误:The house in that we lived was demolished.
值得注意的是,某些固定短语的介词不能提前。一般来说,如果短语的意思与组成该短语的单词意思一致或基本一致,为可以拆开的短语,如look at, be interested in等;如果短语的意思与组成该短语的单
词意思不一致或已发生改变,为不可拆开的短语,如look after, look for 等。如:
This is the book (that) he is interested in. = This is the book in which he is interested. 这就是他感兴趣的那本书。
译:这就是他正在寻的那本书。
正:This is the book that he is looking for.
误:This is the book for which he is looking.
3. 如果有两个或两个以上的先行词,分别指人或事物,应用that作引导词,不用who或which。如:
We know nothing about the writers and their works (that) they are talking about. 对于他们正在谈论的那些作家及其作品我们一无所知。
She was looking at the children and parcels that filled the car. 她在看管车上的孩子和包裹。
误:She was looking at the children and parcels which filled the car. 4. that, which, when, where修饰表示时间或地点的名词,作主语或宾语,用that或which;作时间状语,用when;作地点状语,用where。如:
The town where I was born is developing. 我出生的城镇正在发展中。(作地点状语)
The town that / which I was born in is developing. 我出生的城镇正在发展中。(作介词in的宾语)
The town that / which is developing is my birthplace. 正在发展的那座
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