八年级英语上册第单元必背课文、单词、重点短语与语法梳理汇总
一、必背课文
2d 对话部分
Julie: Did you like the singing competition yesterday, Anna?
Anna: Oh, it was fantastic! Nelly sang so well!
Julie: Well, I think Lisa sang better than Nelly.
Anna: Oh, which one was Lisa?
Julie: The one with shorter hair. I think she sang more clearly than Nelly.
Anna: Yes, but Nelly danced better than Lisa.
Julie: You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though.
Anna: Well, everyone wants to win. But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.lisa多高
这篇对话围绕歌唱比赛展开,重点如下:
- 比较级和最高级的运用:通过比较不同选手的表现,大量使用了比较级(better, more clearly)和最高级(the most important),展示了两者在评价中的用法。
- 表达观点的方式:使用“”结构来阐述自己对选手表现的看法,体现了如何在讨论中发表个人观点。
二、必背单词
1. outgoing ['aʊtɡəʊɪŋ] adj. 爱交际的;友好的;外向的
例句:My brother is an outgoing boy.(我哥哥是个外向的男孩。)
2. both [bəʊθ] adj. & pron. 两个;两个都
例句:Both of my parents are teachers.(我的父母都是老师。)
3. better ['betə(r)] adj. & adv.(good 和 well 的比较级)较好的(地);更好的(地)
例句:This book is better than that one.(这本书比那本好。)
4. loudly ['laʊdli] adv. 喧闹地;大声地;响亮地
例句:Don't talk so loudly in the library.(不要在图书馆这么大声说话。)
5. quietly ['kwaɪətli] adv. 轻声地;轻柔地;安静地
例句:She left the room quietly.(她安静地离开了房间。)
6. hard - working ['hɑːd 'wɜːkɪŋ] adj. 工作努力的;辛勤的
例句:He is a hard - working student.(他是一个勤奋的学生。)
7. competition [ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn] n. 比赛;竞赛;竞争
例句:There will be a singing competition next week.(下周将有一场歌唱比赛。)
8. fantastic [fænˈtæstɪk] adj. 极好的;了不起的
例句:The movie was fantastic.(这部电影棒极了。)
9. which [wɪtʃ] pron. & adj. 哪一个;哪一些
例句:Which book do you like?(你喜欢哪一本书?)
10. clearly ['klɪəli] adv. 清楚地;清晰地;明白地
例句:Can you speak more clearly?(你能说得更清楚些吗?)
11. win [wɪn] v. 获胜;赢;赢得
例句:Our team won the game.(我们队赢得了比赛。)
12. though [ðəʊ] adv. 不过;可是;然而(用于句末补充说明,使语气减弱)
例句:He is young. He can do it, though.(他很年轻,不过他能做到。)
三、重点短语
1. be good at:擅长……
例句:She is good at dancing.(她擅长跳舞。)
2. make sb. do sth.:让某人做某事
例句:The teacher made him clean the classroom.(老师让他打扫教室。)
3. the same as:和……相同;与……一致
例句:My pen is the same as yours.(我的钢笔和你的一样。)
4. be different from:与……不同;与……有差异
例句:His hobby is different from mine.(他的爱好和我的不同。)
5. care about:关心;在意
例句:We should care about our friends.(我们应该关心我们的朋友。)
6. as long as:只要;既然
例句:As long as you work hard, you will succeed.(只要你努力工作,你就会成功。)
7. bring out:使显现;使表现出
例句:The difficult situation brought out his best qualities.(困境使他的优秀品质展现出来。)
8. get better grades:取得更好的成绩
例句:If you study hard, you can get better grades.(如果你努力学习,你能取得更好的成绩。)
9. in fact:事实上;实际上
例句:In fact, he is very smart.(事实上,他非常聪明。)
10. be similar to:与……相像的、类似的
例句:Your idea is similar to mine.(你的想法和我的类似。)
四、语法梳理
1. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
- 构成规则(以形容词为例):
- 一般在词尾加 -er(比较级),-est(最高级):如 tall - taller - tallest。
- 以不发音的 e 结尾的词,加 -r(比较级),-st(最高级):如 nice - nicer - nicest。
- 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,双写这个辅音字母,再加 -er(比较级),-est(最高级):如 big - bigger - biggest。
- 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的词,把 y 变为 i,再加 -er(比较级),-est(最高级):如 happy - happier - happiest。
- 不规则变化:如 good/well - better - best,bad/badly - worse - worst,many/much - more - most。
- 用法:
- 比较级用于两者之间的比较:“A + be + 比较级 + than + B”(形容词比较级)或“A + 动词 + 比较级 + than + B”(副词比较级),如:“Tom is taller than Jack.”“He runs faster than his brother.”
- 最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较:“A + be + the + 最高级 + ”(形容词最高级)或“A + 动词 + the + 最高级 + ”(副词最高级),如:“This is the most beautiful flower in the garden.”“She sings the best of all the students.”
2. 同级比较
-
“as + 形容词/副词原级 + as”表示“和……一样……”:如“He is as tall as his father.”“She runs as fast as me.”
- “not as/so + 形容词/副词原级 + as”表示“不如……”:如“This book is not as interesting as that one.”
五、重点句型
1. 比较两人或事物
- 基本句型:“A + be + 比较级 + than + B”(用于形容词比较)或“A + 动词 + 比较级 + than + B”(用于副词比较)。例如:“My sister is more outgoing than me.”“He studies harder than his friend.”
2. 表达对两者比较的观点
- 基本句型:“I think + A + 比较级 + than + B + ”例如:“I think apples are better than oranges because they are more nutritious.”
3. 描述最高程度
- 基本句型:“A + be + the + 最高级 + ”(形容词最高级)或“A + 动词 + the + 最高级 + ”(副词最高级)。例如:“This mountain is the highest in the region.”“She dances the best among us.”
4. 表达相同或不同
- 相同:“A + be + the same as + B”或“A and B + be + alike”。例如:“His backpack is the same as mine.”“Tom and Jerry are alike in some ways.”
- 不同:“A + be + different from + B”。例如:“Chinese culture is different from Western culture.”
六、易错点分析