中考英语语法讲解资料及练习
第14讲：宾语从句
一个句子如果加上宾语从句，句子显然变复杂了，也变的difficult了，其实，你大可不必发愁。只要掌握好宾语从句的用法，一切问题就迎刃而解了。
宾语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。我们根据引导宾语从句的连词不同，可把宾语从句分为三类。
以that引导的宾语从句。 如：I hear that you have passed the examination. Good luck!
以if 和whether引导的宾语从句。 如：I don't know if you can come tomorrow.
以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。 如：Please tell me how you can get here.
运用宾语从句要注意以下几点：
宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序。
如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，事实时，即使主句是过去式，从句仍用一般现在时。
练习：
1. She asked me if I knew _______.
A. whose pen is it
B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is
D. whose pen was it
2. I don't know _______ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether
B. where
C. what
皇城神鹰 D. when
3. I don't know ______ he will come tomorrow. _______ he comes, I'll tell you.
A. if, whether
B. whether, whether
C. if, That
D. if, If
4. The small children don't know ________.
A. what is their stockings in
B. where is in their stockings
C. where is their stocking in
D. what in their stockings
5. Can you tell me ________?
A. when does the ship leave
B. when the ship will leave
C. when the ship leave
D. when will the ship leave
6. Can you tell me ______?
A. when did he come
B. when he came
C. when did he came
D. he came when
7. Can you tell me ______ the radio ?
A. how did he mend
B. what did he mend
C. how he mended
D. what he mended
8. He asked his father _________.
A. where it happens
B. where did it happen
C. how it happened
D. how did it happen
9. I didn't know what colour_________.
A. is the bag
B.the bag is
C. was the bag
D. the bag was
10. Could you tell me ______ with the money?
A. how to do
B. what should I do
C. how should I do
D. what I should do
实践：
1.We are _____ going to the factory and work there.
A. briefly
B. lately
C. recently
D. shortly
2.For most students, their teacher's advice is more important than ______ of their parents.
A. one
B. what
C. which
D. that
3.They talked in a low voice ______ be heard by others.
A. so not as to
B. so as not to
C. so as to not
D. so as to
4.Not until this evening ______ that the meeting had been put off.
A. I did know
B. did I know
C. I knew
D. I have known
5.We are looking forward to seeing you again,and we'll be very disappointed if you ______.
A. didn't come
B. haven't come
C. won't come
D.don't come
6.If I _______ there earlier, I ________ him.
A. had arrived ,would have met
B. have arrived, would have
C. arrived, have met
D. arrived, had met
7.Lily is said ______ for London last month.
A. to have left
B. to leave
C. to be leaving
D. to be left
8.Life on earth ______ impossible unless we stop destroying the forest and poisoning the oceans.
A. was
B. has been
C. will have been
D. will be
合同管理制度 9.The twins will go fishing with us this weekend _______ they are free.
A. though
B. if
C. whether
D. but
10. --______ we go at 8:00? --What about _______ it a little earlier?
A. Shall, making
B. Shall, to make
C. Will, making
D. Will, make
11.New York is bigger than ______ in the United States.
A. any other city
B. any cities
C. any city
D. other cities
12.Her mother ______ for more than three years.
A. has died
B. had died
C. is dead
D. has been dead
13.All the guests _______ got to the classroom on time.
A. invited 腊八节问候语简短
B. being invited
C. inviting
D. to be invited
14.At twelve that night we arrived in the village _______ we once lived.
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. that
15.He ran from house to house, ______ people the good news.
A. told
B. telling
C. tell
D. to tell
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句，它内容完整，句型结构较为复杂，主句和从句时态搭配要求严格，在中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。学习宾语从句并不难，只要你能过好下面的三道关：
第一关，选好连接词（也有人叫关联词）。
引导宾语从句的连接词，课本上写有三类，但从学习的角度看分为四类更为实用。
1．连词that：只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。例如：
1）He knew（that）he should work hard．
2）I am glad（that）you\'ve passed the exam．
2．连词whether或if：它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，口语中多用if。例如：
第一关，选好连接词（也有人叫关联词）。
引导宾语从句的连接词，课本上写有三类，但从学习的角度看分为四类更为实用。
1．连词that：只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。例如：
1）He knew（that）he should work hard．
2）I am glad（that）you\'ve passed the exam．
2．连词whether或if：它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，口语中多用if。例如：
3）Do you know whether he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning？（注：2002上海市徐汇区中考试题填上答案后的句子。以下再有这种例句，都为2002年中考题，只写某地。）
4）Tom didn\'t know if／whether his grandpa liked the present．
作“是否”解的if和whether在具体用法上差别较大，同学们不易掌握。在宾语从句中用whether没有用if时受到那么多限制。例如：
5）He asked me whether or not I was coming．他问我是否要来。（该句中的whether不能换成if，因为if不能与or连用。）
3．连接代词who，whom ，whose，what， which：它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有其自己的意义。例如：
6）The teacher asked the new student which class he was in？（武汉市）（which引导宾语从句，在从句中作定语，修饰class，意为“哪个”。）
7）Can you tell me whom he is waiting for？（天津市）
4．连接副词when，where， why，how：起连接作用，分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语，各有其自己的意义。例如：
8）I wonder where he got so much money．对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。（wh
4）Tom didn\'t know if／whether his grandpa liked the present．
作“是否”解的if和whether在具体用法上差别较大，同学们不易掌握。在宾语从句中用whether没有用if时受到那么多限制。例如：
5）He asked me whether or not I was coming．他问我是否要来。（该句中的whether不能换成if，因为if不能与or连用。）
3．连接代词who，whom ，whose，what， which：它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有其自己的意义。例如：
6）The teacher asked the new student which class he was in？（武汉市）（which引导宾语从句，在从句中作定语，修饰class，意为“哪个”。）
7）Can you tell me whom he is waiting for？（天津市）
4．连接副词when，where， why，how：起连接作用，分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语，各有其自己的意义。例如：
8）I wonder where he got so much money．对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。（wh
ere在从句中作地点状语，修饰got，意为“哪里；什么地方”。）
9）He didn\'t tell me how old his friend was．（四川省）（how引导宾语从句，作程度状语，修饰old，意为“怎样；如何”等意。）
第二关，牢记宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，即“连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。这里特别强调的是，它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序，不是疑问句的倒装语序。例如：
10）You must remember what your teacher said．（河南省）
11）—Dad，do you know when the football game will start？
—In half an hour．（宁波市）
12）汉译英：你能不能告诉我，我们去看望谁？
误：Can you tell me who（m）do we have to see？
正：Can you tell me who（m）we have to see？
错句的错误出在宾语从句中误用了疑问句的结构——主语前加了个助动词do。因为我们已经习惯了特殊疑问句，如W hat time does the plane arrive in Paris？就顺口说出“Do you know what time does the plane arrive in Paris？”这种错误句子来。但是一旦我们注意了，我们不久就习惯于说“Do you know what time the plane arrives in Paris？”了。
9）He didn\'t tell me how old his friend was．（四川省）（how引导宾语从句，作程度状语，修饰old，意为“怎样；如何”等意。）
第二关，牢记宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，即“连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。这里特别强调的是，它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序，不是疑问句的倒装语序。例如：
10）You must remember what your teacher said．（河南省）
11）—Dad，do you know when the football game will start？
—In half an hour．（宁波市）
12）汉译英：你能不能告诉我，我们去看望谁？
误：Can you tell me who（m）do we have to see？
正：Can you tell me who（m）we have to see？
错句的错误出在宾语从句中误用了疑问句的结构——主语前加了个助动词do。因为我们已经习惯了特殊疑问句，如W hat time does the plane arrive in Paris？就顺口说出“Do you know what time does the plane arrive in Paris？”这种错误句子来。但是一旦我们注意了，我们不久就习惯于说“Do you know what time the plane arrives in Paris？”了。
第三关，注意时态的呼应。怎样画烟熏妆
宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句谓语时态的制约，这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。例如：
13）汉译英：我原以为你今天有空的。
误：I thought（that）you are free today．
正：I thought（that）you would be free today．
错句中宾语从句用are很可能是因为有 today，但因为主句谓语是thought，所以从句谓语就该用过去将来时would be了。
这种时态的呼应，如果主句谓语是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语时态不受限制，如上述例句2），3），7），8），10），11），12）。如果主句时态是过去时，宾语从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等）。例如：
14）He thought he was working for the people．
15）I heard she had been to the Great W all．
16）John hoped that he would find a job soon．
宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句谓语时态的制约，这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。例如：
13）汉译英：我原以为你今天有空的。
误：I thought（that）you are free today．
正：I thought（that）you would be free today．
错句中宾语从句用are很可能是因为有 today，但因为主句谓语是thought，所以从句谓语就该用过去将来时would be了。
这种时态的呼应，如果主句谓语是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语时态不受限制，如上述例句2），3），7），8），10），11），12）。如果主句时态是过去时，宾语从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等）。例如：
14）He thought he was working for the people．
15）I heard she had been to the Great W all．
16）John hoped that he would find a job soon．
但宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理等，则不变化：
17）The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun．
核心知识
巩固与检测请做下列2002年中考题：
1．In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book．（北京市东城区）
A．that
B．how
C．what
D．if
2．—I don\'t know _____ Mr．Green will come to see us．
—He will help us with our English．（杭州市）
A．why
17）The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun．
核心知识
巩固与检测请做下列2002年中考题：
1．In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book．（北京市东城区）
A．that
B．how
C．what
D．if
2．—I don\'t know _____ Mr．Green will come to see us．
—He will help us with our English．（杭州市）
A．why
B．when
C．how
D．where
3．—We never know _____ the old m an is．
—They say he is a teacher．（鄂州市）
A．what
B．who
C．which
D．where
4．蒋欣模仿金星I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers．（重庆市）
A．that how
B．how that
C．when that
D．that when
C．how
D．where
3．—We never know _____ the old m an is．
—They say he is a teacher．（鄂州市）
A．what
B．who
C．which
D．where
4．蒋欣模仿金星I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers．（重庆市）
A．that how
B．how that
C．when that
D．that when
5．—Do you know _____ ？I\'m going to see him．
—Sorry，I don\'t know．（北京市海淀区）热血三国战场攻略
A．where does Mr．Li live
B．where did Mr．Li live
C．where Mr．Li lives
D．where Mr．Li lived
6．—W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer？
—Sorry，I have no idea．（南京市）
A．／；bought
B．has；bought
C．did；buy
D．does；buy
7．I don\'t feel very well．Mum asked me _____ this morning．（重庆市）
A．what the matter is
B．what is wrong
—Sorry，I don\'t know．（北京市海淀区）热血三国战场攻略
A．where does Mr．Li live
B．where did Mr．Li live
C．where Mr．Li lives
D．where Mr．Li lived
6．—W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer？
—Sorry，I have no idea．（南京市）
A．／；bought
B．has；bought
C．did；buy
D．does；buy
7．I don\'t feel very well．Mum asked me _____ this morning．（重庆市）
A．what the matter is
B．what is wrong
C．what the matter was
D．what wrong was
8．—Where is Jack？
—He is away to spend his holiday．He\'s gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan，but I\'m not sure _____ ．（南昌市）
A．that
B．which
C．where
D．there
典型例题
Key:
宾语从句与中考试题 1—4 D A A D 5—8 C A C C
D．what wrong was
8．—Where is Jack？
—He is away to spend his holiday．He\'s gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan，but I\'m not sure _____ ．（南昌市）
A．that
B．which
C．where
D．there
典型例题
Key:
宾语从句与中考试题 1—4 D A A D 5—8 C A C C
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