英译汉技巧
以下浅谈英译汉的几点技巧。
第一,翻译时注意英文的句型,英文的句型一般来说有相应的中文译法。如It的句型的翻译:
(1)It is+名词十从句:
It is a fact that…事实是……
It is a question that………是个问题
It is good news that………是好消息
it is common knowledge………是常识
(2) It is+过去分词十从句:
软件工程学什么It is said that…据说……
It must be pointed out that…必须指出……
It is asserted that…有人主张……
It is supposed that…据推测……
It is believed that…据信……
It must be admitted that…必须承认……
It is reported that…据报道……
It will be seen from ii that…由此可见……
It has been proved that…已证明……
It is general1y considered that…人们普遍认为……
(3)It is+形容词十从句:
财务岗位竞聘演讲稿范文It is necessary that…有必要……一个普通人怎么入党
It is likely that…很可能……
It is clear that…很清楚……
It is important that…重要的是……
(4) It+不及物动词十从句:
It follows that…由此可见……
It happens that…碰巧……
It turned out that…结果是……
第二,注意英语被动句的翻译。英文的被动句经常用汉语主动句表达,如:You are requested to give a performance 英文的被动句译成汉语的主动句:请你给我们表演一个
节目。英文中被动意义也可以用汉语中含有主动意义的句子来表达。常译成“被”、“由”、“受”、“为…所”等等。例如: What is feared as failure in American society is,above all,loneliness.(在美国社会中作为失败而为人们所恐惧的,莫过于孤独了。)
第三,注意长句的翻译。首不要被长句吓住,即使是很长的句子,也是由最基本的成分组成。分析句子的基本成分,主语、谓语、宾语、状语。抓住主干部分,然后逐次分析各词意思以及相互间的逻辑、语法关系,再进行翻译。值得注意的是关系分句的翻译。关系分句主要功能是作名词(词组)的后置修饰语(即定语),但除作名词修饰语外,关系分句还可起其他作用,比如起状语分句和并列分句的作用,因此译成汉语时要注意,限定性关系分句翻译时因为英文置于名词后,汉语则将其置于先行项(antecedent)的前边,使其译成带有“的”字的定语句子,如:I want a wife who will work and send me to school.(我想要个既能工作又能送我上学的老婆)。有的句子过长,前置会显得累赘,或不符合汉语的习惯,这样我们翻译时将从句后置,把它翻译成跟主句平行的并列句。如:I want a wife who will not trouble me with a wife's duties but a1ways listens to me.(我想要个老婆,她不会以妻子的义务来打搅我,而是始终听命于我。)
非限制性关系分句和它的先行项之间有比较松散的关系。就其意义上来说,在句子中有时相当于二个并列分句,有时在语义上起状语分句的作用,翻译时可将其后置译成并列句,例如:
The sun warms the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.(太阳温暖了大地,这才使植物有可能生长。)也可以完全脱离主句,译成独立句。如:She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.(她对孩子们很耐心,她丈夫却很少这样。)人教版三年级下册语文期末试卷
Exercises: Put the following into Chinese:
①It is reported that they have found another star.
②It happens that I have my check-book with me.
③It is likely that he will succeed.
④It is a question that we arrive before l0 o'clock.
⑤She was advised to take the medicine。
⑥she told me that a big reservoir was being built in her hometown.
⑦I'll never forget the day when l came to the University.
⑧Yesterday I saw a wonderful film, which was about World War II.
Key to the exercises:
①据报道,他们又发现了一颗星。
②碰巧我带着支票簿。
‘③很可能他将成功。
④我们必须十点钟前到达是个问题。
⑤她被劝告吃药。
⑤她告诉我她的家乡正在建造一个大型水库。
⑦我将永远不会忘记我来这所大学的那一天。
⑧昨晚我看了一部精彩的电影,是关于二次世界大战的。
英译汉中常出现的问题
英译汉,不论是在教学的过程中还是在实际翻译的过程当中,不少人只求译文的“忠实、通顺”而忽视译文的“雅”。那么,忠实通顺的译文是否就是地道的、自然的、合乎汉语习惯的译文呢?这祥的译文是否就是完美的译文呢?有许多忠实通顺的译文,却不地道,不自然。现将常出现的问题举例如下:
1.结构不合理,句子不自然
(1) There will come a day when people the world over will live a happy life under the sun of socialism. 全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的一天是会到来的。
译文主语的定语长,使得整个句子头重脚轻。试译为:全世界人将在社会主义的阳光下过幸福的生活,这一天是一定会来到的。
(2)The sun, which had hidden all day,now came out in all its splendor.美国众议院和参议院有什么区别
那个整天躲在云层里的太阳,现在又光芒四射地露面了。
原文里的定语从句,是补叙性的,译成汉语,不一定放在被修饰名词之前。原文没有“又”这个意思,应去掉。试译为:太阳一整天都躲在云里,现在出来了,光芒四射。
(3)I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或二者都出故障。李李仁
“我曾碰到过”,句子突然中止,好象无宾语,但实际上宾语却是很长的三个分句,这不合乎汉语表达习惯。可在“碰到过”后加上“这种现象”或将宾语提前。试译为:不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或者它们都出故障,这些我都碰到过。
(4)Captured documents which we have obtained from individuals who had been infiltrated through this corridor plus prisoner-of-war reports that we have obtained in recent months led us to believe that the volume of infiltration has expanded substantially.
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