宾语从句的讲解
一.宾语从句的定义
在句中充当宾语的句子是宾语从句。例如:
福建高考满分作文I hope that I can see you again one day. 我希望有一天我能再见到你。
例句中,动词hope后跟宾语从句,充当hope的宾语,引导词是that
二.不同引导词引导的宾语从句
(一)由that引导的宾语从句
    that引导的宾语从句为陈述句that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,
无实意,所以在口语中常被省略。
例:I told him (that he was wrong. 我告诉他他错了。
试一试:
我希望你明天可以来。______________________________________________
我敢肯定你会通过这个考试。________________________________________
注意: 周韦彤老公think, believe, suppose, 等动词引起的宾语从句中,当宾语从句表示否定时,本身不用否定形式,否定需要前置。
例如: 我认为你做的不对  I don’t think that you are right.
    试一试:
      They believe. They won’t lose the game. (合成一句)
      ____________________________________________________________
      I think that we will be late. (改为否定句)
      _____________________________________________________________
() if/whether引导的宾语从句
    whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。祝老板虎年发财的吉祥语if/whether在句中的意思是是否。而且从句原来的疑问语序要成陈述语序。
    例如:  I don’t know if/whether he lives here.
      例句中,if/whether 引导从句he lives here。(从句原来的疑问式是Does he live here?变成陈述式,将助动词does去掉,动词保持原有的单三形式lives
  试一试:
Are you a student? (变为陈述式)_________________________________
      Does your mother get to work by bus? (变为陈述式)_________________________
      Has he finished his homework? (变为陈述式)_________________________________
      Did they go to the park yesterday?(变为陈述式)____________________________
__
I wonder.  Will they come to my party? (合成一句:我想知道他们是否会来。)
__________________________________________________
      I don’t know. Has he learned English? (合成一句:我不知道他是否学过英语。)
      _____________________________________________________
      The teacher asks us. Did we finish our homework?( 合成一句:老师问我们是否完成了作业。) ________________________________________________________
注意:
1.只能用whether,不能用if的情况
在介词的后面
例句:I’m thinking about whether we should go to see the film.
我正在考虑我们是否该去看电影。
       I'm interested in whether he likes English我感兴趣的是他是否喜欢英语。
or not连用时
例句:I don’t know whether I have learned this word or not.
我不知道我是否学过这个单词。
在带to的不定式前
例句:We decided whether to walk there. 我们决定了是否步行去那里。
 I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。
 2.区别强尼戴普最新电影“如果if 和是否if ”
    如果if,引导条件状语从句,遵循主将从现等规则;是否if引导宾语从句。
      I don’t know if they ___________ (come) tomorrow. If they _______ (come)
tomorrow, I will call you.
() 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
特殊疑问词充当引导词时,在句中即有连接从句的作用,又在句中有一定的含义。同时也要注意从句要从疑问语序变成陈述语序。例如:
Do you know when he will come back? 你知道他明天什么时候回来吗?
例句中,从句when he will come back 为陈述语序,原来的疑问语序是when will he come back?
试一试:
How did you get to school? (变陈述语序)____________________________________
Where has he been? 企业元旦贺词(变陈述语序)____________________________________
I don’t know. What are they looking for?(合成一句)
_________________________________________________________
He asks me. When does the train usually leave? (合成一句)
__________________________________________________________
三.宾语从句的时态
1. 主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态
例句:The headmaster hopes that everything goes well.
      The headmaster hopes that we will win the game.
      I don’t know who came here just now.
      I don’t know if he has finished his homework.
2. 主句是过去时态,从句须用过去的某种形式
例句:She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
      I didn’t know if he had finished his homework.
    The headmaster hoped that we would win the game.
注意:当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
四.宾语从句的语序
  前面的用法中已经介绍到了,无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即引导词+主语+谓语+……”的句式。
注意一些特殊情况:
  1.引导词本身就是主语, 多为what who whose引导的从句  例如:
  I wonder who is in the room. who 在从句中本身就充当主语)
  Can you tell me whose book is on the desk? whose book 在从句中本身就充当主语)
  He asked me who helped us. who 北半球国家在从句中本身就充当主语)
2. 句型what’s the matter what’s the trouble等常被看成陈述语序,不变。
    We don’t know what’s the matter with her.
五.宾语从句转化为简单句
1. 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,如果主句和从句的主语一致时,可以转化成特殊疑问词+ to do”。例如:
  I don’t know how I can learn English well. → _______________________________ 
  He wonder when he should attend the meeting. → ______________________________
2. 当主句谓语动词是hope decide wish choose agree等,且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为v. + to do的结构。例如:
  Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him. → ____________________________________
3. 当主句的谓语动词是tell, order(命令)等时如果主句和从句的主语不一致,宾语从句可简化为 v.+ sb. to do的结构。例如: