✧ ✧ ✧ 语序 ⏹ 连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如： ◆ The small children don't know what is in their stockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？ ⏹ 连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如： ◆ He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。 ◆ The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。 ⏹ 连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if ／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如： ◆ Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？ ⏹ 连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如： ◆ Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？ ◆ She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。 ✧ 连接词 ⏹ 当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如： ◆ He said that he could finish his work before supper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。 ⏹ 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如： ◆ I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。 ◆ 但在下列情况下只能用whether： ◆ ①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。如： ◆ Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。 ◆ I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。 ◆ I wonder whether we stay or whether wego．我不知道我们是去还是留。 ◆ ②在介词之后用whether。如： ◆ I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 ◆ We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。 ◆ I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情。 ◆ ③在不定式前用whether。如： ◆ He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。吴昕年龄 ◆ I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。 ◆ He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。 ◆ ④whether软件技术是学什么置于句首时，不能换用if。如： ◆ Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。 ◆ ⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如： ◆ Whether she will come or not is still a question黄山风景．她是否能来还是个问题。 ◆ The question is whether we can catch the bus．问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。 ◆ ⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如： ◆ Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为： ◆ Please let me know whether you like the book．请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。 ◆ If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。 ⏹ 如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如： ◆ Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？ ✧ 时态 ◆ 含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容： ⏹ 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如： ◆ I don't know when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来。 ◆ He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他昨天回来了。 ⏹ 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如： ◆ ①The children didn't know who he was．孩子们不知道他是谁。 ◆ ②He asked his father how it happened．他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。 ⏹ 如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如： ◆ The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老师说地球绕着太阳转。 ✧ 注意： ◆ if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如： ◆ —Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？ ◆ 玉与翡翠的区别—Sorry，I don't know．When he comes back，I'll tell you．对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。 ◆ —I don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否会来。 ◆ —He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他会来的。 ◆ 简化宾语从句常用六法 ◆ 同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法： ● 方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如： ● Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. ● We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him. ● 方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如： ● She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window. ● 注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如： ● Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Could you tell me how to get to the station？ ● 方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如： ● The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once. ● 方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如： ● He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us. ● The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. →The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth. ● 方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如： ● Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground. ● 方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如： ● It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win. ● 除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如： ● I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well. ◆ Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow. ◆ They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy ◆ 初中英语宾语从句语法专项精选试题 ◆ 习题(一) ◆ 1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. ● took B. take C. takes D. will take ◆ 2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou. ✧ has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been ◆ 3 The students want to know whether they___ dictation today. ✧ had B. has . C. will have D. are ◆ 4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some. ✧ could she B. she could C. she can D. she may ◆ 5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth. ✧ travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled ◆ 答案:1-5 A D C B C ◆ 习题(二) ◆ 1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty ✧ who B. what C. when D. that ◆ 2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam. ✧ what B. if C. when D. where ◆ 3 I hardly understand. ___ he has told me. ✧ that B. what C. which D. who ◆ 4 She didn't know___ back soon. ✧ whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be ◆ 5. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years. ✧ whether B where C. what D. when ◆ 6. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening ✧ what B when C why D how ◆ 7. He asked me _____told me the accident. ◆ A whom B which C who D whose ◆ 答案:1-7 C B B A A A C 体彩加时赛进球算不算总进球◆ 习题(三) ⏹ They don't know their parents are. ◆ A that B what C why D which ⏹ Please tell me ______what last year. ✧ where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked ⏹ She asked me if I knew ______. ✧ whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it ⏹ You must remember ________. ✧ what your mother said B. what did your mother say ✧ your mother said what D. what has your mother said ◆ 5 Did you know ____ ✧ who he was looking after B. who was he looking for ✧ who he is looking for D. who he is looking after ◆ 6 Could you tell me ___ ✧ when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing ✧ when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing ◆ 答案:1-6 B D B A A C ◆ 习题(四) ⏹ In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. (北京市东城区) ✧ that B. how C. whatD. if ⏹ —I don't know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us. ◆ —He will help us with our English. (杭州市) ✧ why B. when C. how D. where ⏹ —We never know _____ the old m an is. ◆ —They say he is a teacher. (鄂州市) ✧ what B. who C. which D. where ⏹ I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. (重庆市) ✧ that how B. how that C. when that D. that when ⏹ —Do you know _____ I'm going to see him. ◆ —Sorry, I don't know. (北京市海淀区) ✧ where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live ✧ where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived ⏹ —W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer ◆ —Sorry, I have no idea. (南京市) ✧ /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy ⏹ I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _____ this morning. (重庆市) ✧ what the matter is B. what is wrong ✧ what the matter was D. what wrong was ⏹ —Where is Jack ◆ —He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _____ . (南昌市黄渤女儿) ✧ that B. which C. where D. there ◆ 答案:1—4 D A A D 5—8 C A C C ✧ |
初中英赞语宾语从句专项语法讲解
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