宾语从句
一、掌握宾语从句的概念
宾语从句即指在主从复合句中用作宾语的从句。对比下面两句：
简单句：I know him.
主语谓语宾语
主从复合句：(I know ) that he is a teacher.
蔡卓妍个人资料主句（主语+谓语）宾语从句
如：I hope you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得愉快。
He began to think about what he should do. 他开始考虑应当怎样做。
二、注意宾语从句的时态
宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应。
①若主句为一般现在时，宾语从句的时态可根据情况使用任意时态；
②但若主句为一般过去时，则宾语从句必须要用过去的某种时态与主句呼应。比较：
He says he is busy. 他说他很忙。He said he was busy. 他说他很忙。
I know you will agree. 我知道你会同意的。I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意的 当宾语的内容表示的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。如：
The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun. 老师说，地球绕着太阳转。
三、明确宾语从句的语序
宾语从句属名词性从句，不管用什么样的引导词引导，宾语从句的语序总是用陈述语序（主语+谓语）。如：
She asked when she could leave. 她问她何时可以离开。
Please tell me what you need. 请告诉我你需要什么。
四、分清宾语从句的引导词
1. 当宾语从句部分表示陈述句语气时，用that引导。that只起引导词作用，不充当句子成分，也没有词义，且通常可以省略。如：We think (that) he will help us. 我们认为他会帮助我们。
He said (that) he was good at English. 他说他擅长英语。
I know (that) he is very busy. 我知道他很忙。
2. 当宾语从句部分为一般疑问句时，用 if 或 whether 引导。if 和 whether 引导宾语从句，不充当句子成分，但有词义，表示“是否”。如：
I don’t know if /whether he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。
She asked if /whether that was enough. 她问那是否够了。
I wonder whether /if it is true. 我不知道是不是真的。
▲一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下4种情况只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.
②在介词后：It depends on（依靠）whether it is going to rain.
③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
④宾语从句位于句首时：Whether we’ll attend the meeting,no one knows.
3. 如果宾语从句原来为特殊疑问句时，用特殊疑问词引导。常见的引导宾语从句的特殊疑问词有what, who, whom, which, whose,when, how, where, why等。此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序，而不用疑问句词序。如：
She asked who would like to go.
Tell me whose wallet this is.
I don’t know ______________________________(他有什么问题）。.
He knows __________________________ 他知道他们住哪里。
Tell us how you are getting on now. 告诉我们你现在过得怎样？
I can’t tell you ________________________________. 我不能告诉你她为什么在哭。
He didn’t say ________________________________. 他没有说什么时候回来。
▲what引导宾语从句时，有时表示“什么”，有时表示“…所…的”:
I asked what he needed. 我问他需要什么。
I gave him what he needed. 我给了他所需要的东西。
Please remember__________________________________(我昨天所说的话）.
【注意】
1．由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化同义句。
eg. I don't know how I should do with the presents.
==> I don't know how to do with the presents.
Eg:1)Please tell me what I should do next.(改同义句)
Please tell me what ______ _______ next.
2) I haven’t decided where I will go.(改同义句)
I haven’t decided _______________＿＿＿＿＿．
五、宾语从句与否定前移
当主句的主语为第一人称，动词为think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine ，后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时，其否定通常转移到主句。如：
I don’t think that it is worth doing.. 我认为这不值得做。
I don’t believe that he will help us. 我相信他不会来。
ｅｇ：１）Ｉｓｕｐｐｏｓｅ．Ｈｅｗｏｎ＇ｔｂｅｌａｔｅ．（合并为复合句）Ｉ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ｓｕｐｐｏｓｅｔｈａｔｈｅ＿＿＿＿ｂｅｌａｔｅ．
２）Ｗｅｅｘｐｅｃｔ．Ｔｈｅｙｗｏｎ＇ｔｌｅａｖｅ．（合并为复合句）Ｗｅ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ｅｘｐｅｃｔｔｈｅｙ＿＿＿＿＿＿ｌｅａｖｅ
六．宾语从句和状语从句的区分
eg. 1）I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.／Ｉｆit is fine，I will go out tomorrow．2）I don't know if the train has arrived.
句1）中if引导的是条件状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。句子的意思是＂如果明天天气好，我就出去＂。句2）中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don't know的宾语。句子的意思是＂我不知道火车是否到达＂。
◆判断方法：
1．可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
2．从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，词义为“是否”，充当条件状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。
when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当……的时候”。
Eg:１．ＩｗｉｌｌｃａｌｌｙｏｕｗｈｅｎＩａｒｒｉｖｅ．（＿＿＿＿＿＿＿从句）２．ＩｗａｎｔｔｏｋｎｏｗｗｈｅｎＩｃａｎａｒｒｉｖｅ．（＿＿＿＿＿＿从句）3．从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。张柏芝的不雅照片
if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来（主将从现）。
Eg:１．Ｈｅｗｉｌｌｇｏｉｆｉｔｉｓｆｉｎｅｔｏｍｏｒｒｏｗ．（________从句）２．Ｈｅｄｉｄｎ＇ｔｋｎｏｗｉｆｓｈｅｌｉｋｅｄｔｈｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ。
（____________从句）
七、宾语从句与形式宾语 it
当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末。如：
I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。
He hasn’t made it known when he is going to get married. 他还没宣布他何时结婚
注意：标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句则用问号。
eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take? ★宾语从句练习题
一．选择。
1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．
A. if; Whether
保安年终工作总结B. whether; Whether
C. if; That
D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come
B. how will he come
C. if he comes
D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?
A. what
B. how
C. whether
D. where
4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend
B. what did he mend
C. how he mended
D. what he mended
5. I want to know _________.
A. whom is she looking after
B. whom she is looking
C. whom is she looking纪敏佳整容
D. whom she is looking after
6. Do you know where _________ now?
A. he lives
B. does he live
C. he lived
D. did he live
7. Do you know what time _________?
A. the train leave
B. does the train leave
C. will the train leave
D. the train leaves
8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?
A. how the two players are old
B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old
D. how old the two players are
9. The small children don't know _________.
白皙补水防晒乳
A. what is their stockings in
丑闻 裴勇俊B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in
D. what in their stockings
10. I can't understand _________.
A. what does Christmas mean
B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does
D. what Christmas means
二. 按要求转换句型。
1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子）
Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China?
2. "Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句）
He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．
3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子）
_________ Jim _________Tom is a student.
4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
I want to know ____________ the train _____________.
5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用not．．．until改写) They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework．
6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Li Lei wants to know _____________ Peter _________ here yesterday.
三、将下面的句子合并成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said ___________ these flowers ___________ from Guangdong.
2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me _________ light ___________ faster than sound. 3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know _________ there _________ ________ a meeting in five days. 4．Can they speak French? I want to know.