1. Compass
As early as the Warring States period the magnetic force of magnetite (磁石) 1._______________ (discover), and a sort of instrument was made of magnetite to show directions. This was certainly the 2.___________ (early) compass in the world.
During the Han Dynasty, people made a spoon-like compass. A small spoon, 3._________ (make) of magnetite, with a very smooth bottom, was placed on a square copper plate. The center of the plate was ground smooth to make 4._____ easy for the spoon to move. When the spoon, after it was turned, came to a stop, its handle would point 5._____ the south. This form of compass was 6._________ (far) improved during the Song Dynasty. People made iron 7.________ (needle) and rubbed them on a piece of magnetite, so that they would become magnetic. Then one such needle was hung with a thin thread, or put on something light 8.______ floated on the water in a bowl.
The latter was the compass that was first used in navigation. China was the first country in the world 9.________ (use) the compass on sea-going ships. Historical records show that in 1099 -1102 the compass was used on ships 10._________ (sail) to or from Guangzhou.
1. was discovered
2. earliest
3. made
4. it
6. further
7. needles
8. that
9. to use 10. sailing
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2. Gunpowder
1._____ Chinese invented gunpowder about 1,100 years ago. Towards the end of
the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder was first used 2.____ war. In 904, during a battle between local forces, a w eapon then called “flying fire” was used.3._____ was a packet of gunpowder 4.______ (tie) to the head of an arrow. After the fuse was lighted, the arrow was shot to the enemy side, 5._____ the gunpowder would cause damage or kill men.
During the Song Dynasty, the making and use of gunpowder reached a new level. Various kinds of weapons with gunpowder 6.___________ (invent). The Song, Jin and Yuan 7.________ (army) all used these weapons in war.
Gunpowder was introduced 8._____ the Arab world during the 13th century. In the 9.__________ (follow) century some European countries began to make gunpowder weapons with methods 10._______ they had learned from the Arabs.
1. The
2. in
3. It
4. tied
5. and
6. were invented
7. armies
8. to
9. following 10. that/which
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3. Papermaking
It was generally believed 1.________ paper was first made by a man 2.________ (call) Cai Lun in 105 during the Eastern Han Dynasty.
3._________, in recent decades, earlier paper made during the Western Han Dynasty was unearthed in Xinjiang, Shanxi and Gansu. So
4._____ is reasonable to believe that paper was invented in the Western Han and was improved by
Cai Lun in the Eastern Han.
In later periods, different 5. __________ (material) were used for making paper,
and its quality became better and better. The famous Xuan paper, 6. __________ (produce) in Xuanzhou, Anhui Province, first appeared in the Tang Dynasty. Its quality was so good that all calligraphers and painters liked to use it. Even today it is still considered the best kind of paper 7.______ calligraphy and traditional Chinese painting.
寄国外用什么快递During the Song Dynasty, bamboo began to be used for making paper, and the output of bamboo paper increased 8._______ (rapid). In 751，during the reign of Tang Xuanzong, the Chinese technique of making paper 9.___________ (introduce) to the Arab world, and from there to Europe in 1150. 10._____ other words, Europe knew how to make paper about a thousand years late than China.
1. that
2. called
3. However
金马影帝>最初的梦想歌词
4. it
5. materials
6. produced
7. for
8. rapidly
9. was introduced 10. In
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4. Printing
Before printing was invented, people had to rely 1.____ handwriting to reproduce a book. It was very slow and errors easily 2._________ (occur). Wood-block printing first appeared in the early Tang Dynasty. It 3.___________ (develop) from the use of seals and stone engraving. 4.______ the quick development of the economy and culture in the Tang Dynasty, books and other publications like 5._________ (calendar) were needed by the public, and this demand promoted wood-block printing.
Block printing was not very convenient. Every two pages of a book had to be engraved on a wood block, 6.______ a big book would require many blocks. Besides,
there had to be large places for storing the blocks. 7._________ (overcome) these shortcomings, Bi Sheng invented the movable type during the years between 1041 and 1048. Bi Sheng's 8. ________ (invent) made printing faster and easier than before.
The technique of printing was 9. ___________ (gradual) known to other Asian countries and Europe. 10.________ goes without saying that the printing invented by the Chinese has great influence on the advance of civilization.
1. on
2. occurred
3. was developed
4. With
5. calendars
6. and
7. To overcome从此心中永远有个你
9. gradually 10. It
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