what is social work?
“The social work profession专业 promotes促进 social change， problem—solving in human relationships， and the empowerment许可,授权 and liberation释放,解放 of people to enhance提高，加强 well-being幸福，幸福感，福利。 Utilising使用,利用 theories of human behaviour and social systems， social work intervenes干预，介入 at points在点 where people interact with与相互作用 their environments. Principles原则 of human rights人权黄龄个人资料年龄 and social justice司法 are fundamental to对~是必要的 social work."
Nature of the Work
Social work is a profession for those with a strong desire to help improve people lives。 Social workers help people function(动词)运行 the best way they can in their environment， deal with their relationships, and solve personal and family problems. Social workers often see看见，理解 clients案主 who face a life—threatening重度，致命的 disease疾病 or a social problem， such as inadequate不足的 housing， unemployment， a serious illness， a disability残疾，丧失能力的, or substance abuse药物滥用。 Social workers also assist帮
助 families that have serious domestic家庭的 conflicts冲突, sometimes involving child or spousal abuse虐待配偶。
Social workers often provide social services in health-related settings设置 that now are governed管理,支配 by managed care管理式医疗 organizations。 To contain含，控制 costs， these organizations emphasize强调，注重 short—term intervention介入，干预， ambulatory流动的,非固定的 and community-based社区的 care， and greater decentralization分散 of services。
Most social workers specialize专门从事,专业化. Although some conduct research进行研究，进行调研工作 or are involved in planning or policy development, most social workers prefer an area of practice in which they interact with与相互作用 clients。用杯弓蛇影造句
Child, family， and school social workers provide social services and assistance帮助 to improve the social and psychological functioning心理机能，心理功能 of children and their families and to maximize取最大值，最大化 the family well-being and academic学术的，理论的 functioning of children. Some social workers assist single parents, arrange adopti
ons领养, or help find foster homes寄养家庭 for neglected被忽视的, abandoned被抛弃的, or abused被虐待 children. In schools， they address从事，忙于 such problems as teenage pregnancy撕人定制怀孕， misbehavior品行不端， and truancy旷课，逃学 and advise teachers on how to cope with处理，应付 problem students。 Increasingly逐渐的， school social workers are teaching workshops研习会，讲习班 to an entire高考如何查分整个的 class。 Some social workers specialize in专门研究，专攻 services for senior citizens老人（尤指退休者), running流动的,连续的 support groups支持小组 for family caregivers照顾着,看护人 or for the adult children of aging成年 parents, advising elderly老年的 people or family members about choices in areas such as housing, transportation, and long-term care长期护理,长期医疗, and coordinating协调 and monitoring监督 these services. Through employee雇员 assistance帮助 programs， they may help workers cope with处理，应付 job-related pressures or with personal problems that affect the quality of their work. Child, family， and school social workers typically代表性的，典型的 work for individual个人的 and family services agencies, schools， or State国家，州 or local governments。 These social workers may be known as被称为，被认为 child welfare儿童福利 social workers， f吉杰资料
amily services social workers， child protective保护的 services social workers， occupational职业的 social workers， or gerontology老年学 social workers.
Medical教师工作简历范文医学的 and public health公共卫生 social workers provide persons， families, or vulnerable易受伤害的 populations with the psychosocial社会心理的 support needed to cope with chronic长期的，慢性的， acute严重的， or terminal illnesses终期病患，晚期疾病, such as Alzheimer’s disease早老性痴呆， cancer, or AIDS。 They also advise family caregivers照顾者, counsel建议,劝告 patients， and help plan for patients’ needs after discharge后放 by arranging for at-home services, from meals—on—wheels to oxygen氧气 equipment。 Some work on interdisciplinary跨领域的 teams that evaluate评价，评估 certain kinds of patients—geriatric老年病人 or organ transplant器官移植 patients, for example。 Medical and public health social workers may work for hospitals, nursing护理，看护 and personal care facilities， individual个人的,个别的 and family services agencies, or local governments。
Mental health心理健康 and substance abuse药物滥用 social workers assess评定，评估
and treat individuals个人 with mental illness精神病 or substance abuse problems， including abuse of alcohol, tobacco烟草， or other drugs。 Such services include individual and group therapy，疗法, outreach延伸，扩广, crisis intervention危机干预,危机介入， social rehabilitation复原, and training in skills of everyday living. They also may help plan for supportive支持的 services to ease减轻,使安心 patients and return to the community. Mental health and substance abuse social workers are likely to work in hospitals， substance abuse treatment centers, individual and family services agencies， or local governments. These social workers may be known as clinical临床的 social workers. （Counselors辅导员，顾问 and psychologists心理学家, who may provide similar services。）
Other types of social workers include social work planners and policymakers， who develop programs to address处理 such issues问题，议题 as child abuse, homelessness, substance abuse， poverty贫困, and violence。 These workers research and analyze policies, programs， and regulations条例,规程. They identify social problems and suggest legislative立法机构 and other solutions。 They may help raise funds筹集资金 or
write grants补助金,津贴 to support these programs。
Employment工作，就业
Social workers held about 562，000 jobs in 2004。 About 9 out of 10 jobs were in health care and social assistance社会救助 industries, as well as State and local government agencies, primarily首先，主要的 in departments of health and human services。 Although most social workers are employed受聘于，被雇佣 in cities or suburbs郊区， some work in rural areas农村地区. The following tabulation表格 shows 2004 employment by type of social worker:
Child， family, and school social workers 272，000
Mental health and substance abuse social workers 116，000
Medical and public health social workers 110，000
Social workers， all other 64,000
Job Outlook展望
Competition for social worker jobs is expected in cities, where demand for对～的需求 services often is highest and training programs训练计划 for social workers are prevalent流行的，普遍的. However, opportunities should be good in rural areas农村计划, which often find it difficult to attract and retain保持,保留 qualified合格的，能胜任的 staff。 By specialty专业，专长， job prospects前景 may be best for those social workers with a background in gerontology老年医学 and substance abuse treatment.
Employment of social workers is expected to increase faster than the average平均 for all occupations职业，行业 through 2014。 The rapidly迅速的 growing elderly年老的 population and the aging baby boom generation生育高峰年 will create greater demand for health and social services， resulting in particularly rapid job growth among gerontology老年医学 social workers. Many job openings职位空缺 also will stem from出于，来自 the need to replace取代，替换 social workers who leave the occupation.