山东农业大学
多功能老婆评价硕士学位论文
姓名：***
申请学位级别：硕士
专业：作物栽培学与耕作学
指导教师：孙学振；王纪华
2011-06-03
山东农业大学硕士学位论文
中文摘要
试验设在北京市怀柔区汤河口镇后沟村参场，为五因素三水平的完全随机区组设
计。前茬为4 年生西洋参收获地。砂质碱性土壤。选两年生芽苞丰满、无病害、根须全、
大小一致的短粗壮苗，按行株距20×8cm 移栽，3 月中旬进行移栽。研究了不同土壤处
理对西洋参产量、病情状况、土壤理化性状、土壤酶活性、主要微生物数量等指标的影
响。研究结果表明：
1. 不同土壤处理对出苗率、保苗率和产量的影响。
熟石灰以施用量50g·m-2为宜，与对照相比，出苗率提高28.21%，保苗率提高80.93%，产量提高100.93%。沼液以施用量1kg·m-2为宜，与对照相比，出苗率提高36.09%，保
环保宣传语苗率提高67.20%，产量提高125.23%。EM 施用浓度12ml·m-2效果最好，与对照比较，
出苗率提高32.26%，保苗率提高96.82%，产量提高139.25%。硒以施用量2mg·m-2为宜，与对照比较，出苗率提高32.59%，保苗率提高20.32%，产量提高95.33%。锗以施用量
5mg·m-2为宜，与对照比较，出苗率提高29.38%，保苗率提高91.71%，产量提高106.54%。
2. 不同处理对土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量的影响。
除熟石灰处理降低了有机质含量外，其他不同处理均在一定程度上提高了土壤有机
质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量，同一处理措施不同用量（浓度）之间比较，熟石灰处
理以施用量200g·m-2为效果最好；沼液处理过的土壤，以施用量1.5kg·m-2为效果最好。EM 菌剂处理以使用浓度为12ml·m-2效果最好。
3. 不同处理对土壤酶活性的影响。
熟石灰处理的蔗糖酶活性与对照比较差异不显著，不同用量之间差异不显著；多酚
氧化酶活性与对照比较差异不显著，不同用量之间差异不显著；熟石灰处理对脲酶活性
具有具有抑制作用，低中用量与对照比较差异不显著，高用量与对照比较差异显著。EM
菌剂处理的蔗糖酶活性与对照比较显著提高，但不用浓度之间差异不显著；脲酶活性与
对照比较均有一定程度的提高，但差异不显著，不同浓度之间差异不显著；多酚氧化酶
活性以浓度为30ml·m-2效果最好，中高浓度之间差异不显著。沼液处理均在一定程度上
提高了土壤酶活性，蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性均以高用量1.5kg·m-2为效果最好，但中高
祁天道怎么了用量之间差异不显著；脲酶活性以中用量1kg·m2效果最好，但不同用量之间差异不显著。4. 不同处理对主要根际微生物数量的影响。
从总体上看，随着西洋参生育期的推移，根际细菌、放线菌成下降趋势，根际真菌
不同土壤处理对西洋参连作障碍的影响
dnf召唤怎么加点呈上升趋势。熟石灰处理对根际细菌、真菌、放线菌数量的变化趋势没有明显影响，且均降低了各个生育期的细菌、真菌和放线菌数量。EM 菌剂处理对细菌、放线菌的变化趋势没有明显影响，加大了真菌的上升幅度，且EM 菌剂均增加了各个生育期的细菌、真菌、放线菌数量，不同浓度之间均以高浓度30ml·m-2为最高；沼液处理对根际细菌的变化趋势没有明显影响，提高了根际真菌的上升幅度，减慢了根际放线菌的下降幅度，均增加了各个生育期的细菌、真菌、放线菌数量，不同用量之间的主要微生物数量均以用量1.5kg·m-2为最高。
关键词：西洋参；连作障碍；土壤微生物；土壤酶活性
山东农业大学硕士学位论文
Effects of different soil treatments on continuous cropping
obstacle of Panax quinquefolium L.
迈克尔 贝The experiment was conducetd in the farm of Hougou village, Tanghekou town, Huairou District,Beijng. It was completely randomized block design of five factors and three levels. The farm had already planted American ginseng for four yeas, sandy alkaline soil. Ginseng seedlings were plump buds with no diseases, whole roots and same size. The buds were transplanted by 20 × 8 cm spacing in the row and plants in mid-March. The experiment studied on the American ginseng’s yield and disease condition, soil fertility, enzyme activities and the number of mail soil rhizosphere microorganism. The results were as follows:
1. Effects of different soil treatments on emergence rate, survival rate and yield.刘蓓个人资料
The proper amount of hydrated lime was 50g·m-2. Comparing with CK, it’s emergence rate increased 28.21%, survival rate increased 80.93% and yield increased 100.93%. The proper amount of biogas slurry was 1kg·m-2. Comparing with CK, it’s emergence rate increased 36.09%, survival rate increased 67.20%, and yield increased 125.23%. The proper concentration of EM was 12mg·m-2and the emergence rate increased 32.26%, survival rate increased 96.82%, and yield increased 139.25%. The proper amount of Selenium was 2mg·m-2. Comparing with CK, it’s emergence rate increased 32.59%, survival rate increased 20.32%, and yield increased 95.33%. The proper amount o f organic germanium was 5mg·m-2. Comparing with CK, it’s emergence rate increased 29.38%, su
rvival rate increased 91.71%, and yield increased106.54%.
2. Effects of different soil treatments on organic matter, total nitrogen, rapidly a vailable phosphorus, and rapidly available potassium.
To a certain degree, all treatments had increased the the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, rapidly available phosphorus and available potassium, except that hydrated lime treatment reduced the content of the organic matter. Comparing with different
amount(concentration)under the same treatment, the proper amounts of hydrated lime was 200g·m-2 . The proper amount biogas slurry was 1.5kg·m-2. The proper concentration of EM was 12kg·m-2.
3. Effects of different soil treatments on soil enzyme activities.
不同土壤处理对西洋参连作障碍的影响
Comparing with CK, the hydrated lime treatment had no significant differences for invertase activities and polyphenoloxidase activities Also there was no significant differences between different amounts under the same treatment. Hydrated lime treatment had inhibitory effect on urease activities. Comparing with CK, the low and middle amounts had no significant differences while there were sign
ificant differences between high amounts and CK. Comparing with CK, EM treatment had significantly increased invertase activities, but there were no significant differences between different concentration. The urease activities were increased to some extent compared with CK. also there were no significant differences between different concentration. The proper concentration of EM was 30ml·m-2 for polyphenoloxidase activities, but there were no significant differences between middle and high concentration. The biogas slurry treatment had increased soil enzyme activities to some extent. The proper amount of biogas slurry was 1.5kg·m-2 for invertase activities and polyphenoloxidase activities, but there were no significant differences between middle and high concentration. The best amount of biogas slurry was 1kg· m-2 biogas slurry.
4. Effects of different soil treatments on the number of main soil rhizosphere microorganisms.
In gerenal, with American ginseng’s growth period gonging on, rhizosphere bacteria and actinomyce showed downtrend, while rhizosphere fungi showed an increasing trend. The hydrated lime treatment had no significant effect on the trend of rhizosphere bacteria, actinomyce and fungi. And it decreased the numbers of rhizosphere bacteria, actinomyce and fungi in every period EM treatment had no effect on the trend of rhizosphere bacteria and actinomyce, while it oversized the rising range of fungi. And the EM increased all the numbers of rhizosphere bacteria, actinomyce and fungi in ever
y period .The proper concentration is 30ml·m-2. The biogas slurry treatment had no effect on the trend of rhizosphere bacteria while it oversized rising range of fungi and slowed down the descent range of fungi. The biogas slurry increased the numbers of rhizosphere bacteria, actinomyce and fungi in every period. The proper amount was 1.5kg·m-2
Key words: American Ginseng; Continuous cropping obstacle; Soil microorganism; Soil enzyme activity
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