演员崔嵩
分类号:
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徐若瑄电影
毕业设计(论文)
题目:危险化学品泄漏的危害后果分析与评价
The Hazardous Consequence Analysis and Assessment of Dangerous Chemical Leakage
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火炬之光控制台
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消 防 指 挥
指导教师
           
危险化学品分类
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摘 要
随着化学工业的迅猛发展,危险化学品广泛应用于国民经济发展中的各个领域,给相关产业的发展带来了巨大变化。与此同时,由于设备损坏、操作失误、外部撞击等因素导致危险化学品泄漏事故的发生几率呈日趋上升趋势。危险化学品一旦泄漏,往往会释放出大量易燃、易爆、有毒有害物质,可能会导致火灾、爆炸、中毒等重大事故发生,给人类社会和环境带来巨大灾难。因此,消防人员到达现场后,如何根据现场情况迅速评估事故危害、准确划定危险区域范围,对于化学事故抢险救援工作具有十分重要的意义。
本文在分析危险化学品泄漏事故后果类型及其危害的基础上,通过查阅大量相关文献,选取基于数学模型的后果分析方法对火灾、爆炸、中毒事故所造成的热辐射效应、爆炸效应和中毒效应进行后果模拟,采用现有的伤害模型和伤害准则,划分出危险区域范围,为消
防人员在危险化学品泄漏事故处置中的快速决策提供依据。最后通过一个实例,运用上述数学模型对可能的事故后果进行分析,并针对计算结果划定警戒区,提出了相应的安全防护措施和处置对策。
关键词: 危险化学品; 泄漏; 后果分析; 危害区域; 实例模拟
Abstract
With the rapid development of chemical industry in China, the hazardous chemicals are widely used in every field of our economic development and make great change in the develop of relevant industries Meanwhile, the rate of hazardous chemical leakage is tend to be increasing due to equipment damage or operational mistakes. Large amount of flammable, explosive, toxic and hazardous substances will be released if these chemicals were leaked, which may result in fire, explosion, poisoning or other accidents that will cause great losses to the whole society and the environment. Therefore, it is significant for the firefighters to assess the damage quickly and make certain of the hazardous area precisely according to the situation.
By analyzing different consequences of the leakage accident of hazardous chemicals and consulting a lot of relevant literature, this thesis simulated the results of heat radiation effects, explosion effects and poisoning effects caused by fire, explosion and poisoning in the analysis method of mathematical model. More to this point, by using existing damage models and damage criteria, it can divide a rang of hazardous area to provide principles for the firefighters to make quick decision when dealing with the leakage accident逆行扣几分. Finally, there is an example that analysis the consequence of possible accident in the mathematical model method above. It also comes up with some safety measures and dealing methods correspondingly according to the results of computation.
Keywords: Hazardous; Chemicals; Leakage; Consequences; Hazard area; Example simulation