China's Social Security and Its Policy (Full Text) |
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www.chinaview 2004-09-07 10:28:28 |
BEIJING, Sept. 7 (Xinhuanet) -- The Information Office of China's State Council on Tuesday issued a white paper titled "China's Social Security and Its Policy". The following is the full text ofthe document: China's Social Security and Its Policy Information Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China September 2004, Beijing Contents Foreword I Old-Age Insurance II Unemployment Insurance III Medical Insurance IV Insurance for Work-related Injuries V Maternity Insurance VI Social Welfare VII Special Care and Placement VIII Social Relief IX Housing Security X Social Security in Rural Areas Conclusion First Edition 2004 China Internet Information Center Homepage: E-mail:infornew@public.bta ISBN 7-80148-653-16 Published by New Star Publishers 24 Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 100037, China Distributed by China International Book Trading Corporation 35 Chegongzhuang Xilu, Beijing 100044, China P.O. Box 399, Beijing, China Printed in the People's Republic of China Foreword名校 Social security is one of the most important socio-economic systems for a country in modern times. To establish and improve a social security system corresponding to the level of economic development is a logical requirement for coordinated economic and social development. It is also an important guarantee for the social stability and the long-term political stability of a country. China is the biggest developing country with a large populationin the world, and its economic base is weak and the development between regions and between town and country is unbalanced. Establishing a sound social security system in China is an extremely arduous task. In light of China's actual situation and adhering to the principle of "putting people first," the Chinese Government attaches great importance and devotes every effort to establishingand improving its social security system. The Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulates that the state shall establish and improve a social security system corresponding to the level of economic development. The Chinese Government regards economic development as the basic prerequisite for improving people's livelihood and effecting social security. For a long time before 1978, when China adopted the reform and opening-up policies, China had practiced a social security policy corresponding to its planned economic system, providing social security services to its people as best it could. Since China established and improved its socialist market economy system in the mid-1980s a series of reforms have been introduced to change the old social security system practiced under the planned economy,and a basic framework of a social security system has been set up in China corresponding to the market economy system, with the central and local governments sharing specific responsibilities. China's social security system includes social insurance, social welfare, the special care and placement system, social relief and housing services. As the core of the social security system, social insurance includes old-age insurance, unemployment insurance, medical insurance, work-related injury insurance and maternity insurance. |
I. Old-Age Insurance
China is now an aging society. As the aging of the population quickens, the number of elderly people is becoming very large. This trend will reach its peak in the 2030s. To guarantee the basic living standards of the elderly and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, the Chinese Government has continuously improved the old-age insurance system and reformed the fund-raising mode in an attempt to establish a multi-level old-age insurance system marked by sustainable development. Promoting the Development of a Basic Old-Age Insurance System for Employees in Urban Areas
-- Reforming the basic old-age insurance system for enterprise employees in urban areas. In 1997, the Chinese Government unified the basic old-age insurance system for enterprise employees in urban areas across the country by implementing a social-pool-plus-personal-accounts scheme. Enterprise employees who have reached retirement age as provided by law (60 for male employees, 55 for female cadres and 50 for female workers) and who have paid their share of the premiums for 15 years or more shall be ent恢复记录
itled to collect a basic old-age pension every month after retirement. The basic old-age pension consists of two parts: base pension and pension from personal account. The monthly sum of the base pensionis tantamount to about 20 percent of an employee's average monthlywage in that area in the previous year. The monthly pension sum from the personal account is 1/120 of the total accumulated sum inthe personal account (11 percent of an employee's wage being deposited every month in the pension section). The state adjusts the level of the basic old-age pension with reference to the priceindex of living expenses for urban residents and employees' pay increases. In 2003, the monthly basic pension for enterprise retirees covered by the basic old-age insurance scheme was 621 yuan on average.
英语二级考试 -- Expanding the coverage of basic old-age insurance. Initially,China's basic old-age insurance covered only state-owned enterprises and collectively-owned enterprises in urban areas and their employees. In 1999, this coverage was expanded to include foreign-invested enterprises, private enterprises and other types of enterprises in urban areas, as well as their employees. All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities d
irectly under the Central Government can make provisions to include persons engaged in individual businesses of industry or commerce in the basic old-age insurance in accordance with the specific conditionsin their localities. In 2002 China expanded its basic old-age insurance coverage to all those who were employed in a flexible manner in urban areas. In 2003, the number of people participatingin the basic old-age insurance scheme across China reached 155.06 million, 116.46 million of whom were employees.
-- Undertaking experimental reforms in selected areas to improve the basic old-age insurance system. In 2001, the Chinese Government began to carry out pilot projects along this line. The reform includes: gradually establishing personal accounts so that funds can be accumulated, and probing ways of preserving and increasing the value of the funds; changing the way the base pension is calculated and paid, whereby the amount of base pensionis more closely linked to the length of time of the employee's premium payment, and if an employee has participated in the basic old-age insurance program and paid the premiums for 15 years, he or she will be entitled to a higher rate of pension for every additional year of payment; unifying the procedures of premium payme
nt by those who are employed in a flexible manner, whereby the base of their premium payment is uniformly set at 20 percent of the average wage of local employees. The pilot project was first conducted in Liaoning Province, and has been expanded to Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces in 2004.
-- Probing the reform of the retirement system of government agencies and public institutions. In China the retirement and pension system in government agencies and public institutions is different from that applied in enterprises. In 2003, there were 670,000 retirees who had joined the revolutionary ranks before October 1949 and 9,310,000 other retirees from these agencies and institutions. In the 1990s, some localities in China began to probe the procedures of reforming the retirement system in such agencies and institutions. Pilot projects were conducted to raise the retirement pension funds through the social pool program. By the end of 2003, some 11.99 million employees and 2.58 million retirees had participated in such pilot projects.
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