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TheAmericanspaceagencyandprivatepaniesaredevelopingvehicles totakehumansintolowEarthorbitandevenfartherintospace.
AspacevehiclesystemcalledCrewSpaceTransportationisapartofth eeffort.Boeing,theaircraftmanufacturer,saysitsCST-
100StarlinerwillstartflyinghumancrewstotheInternationalSpac eStationbytheendofnextyear.
TheUnitedStatesnolongerusesitsreusablespaceshuttletosendast ronautsintospace.Thelastshuttleflighttookplaceinxx.Sincethe n,theU.S.spaceagencyhasdependedonRussianspacecrafttolaunchc rewstotheInternationalSpaceStation.
Boeingandanotherpany,SpaceX,saytheycanflyastronautstoloworb itsforabout$20millionlessthanthecurrentRussianspacecraft,So yuz.
Astronautsarealreadytrainingformercialspacecraftmissionsinf lightsimulators.Vehicledesignsandcontrolshavechangedsinceth
eearlydaysofspaceflight.Inthefuture,astronautswillflywithth ehelpofputerscreensthataresensitivetotouch.
EricBoeisanastronautwithNASA.四级听力练习
"Youknow,itislikelearninghowtodriveacar,exceptfornowyouarel earninghowtodriveaspaceship."
Thespaceagencyisusinganumberofflightsimulators.Themachinery wasdevelopedtohelpastronautsunderstandthedesignofaspacecraf t'scockpit.
Theagency,betterknownasNASA,isdevelopingitsnewOrionspacecra ftandamorepowerfulrocket,calledSpaceLaunchSystem.
Inthefuture,NASAofficialswanttoletprivatepaniestaketheleadi nloworbitflights.Bydoingso,theywantthespaceagencytodirectit sattentionondeepspaceflights,suchasthefirstmannedflighttoMa rs.
I'mAnneBall.
GeorgePuticproducedthisstoryforVOANews.JimDresbachadaptedth isstoryforLearningEnglish.GeorgeGrowwastheeditor.
AnartprojectinTurkeyisbringingtogetherpeopledividedalongeth nicandreligiouslines.
Twenty-fourKurdishandTurkishyoungadultshaveworkedtogethertocreated ocumentariesandphotographsaboutlifeinTurkishcities.
TheresultsarenowondisplayinthesouthernTurkishcityofDiyarbak ir.TheartprojectiscalledBAK.
LatifeUlucinaristhecoordinator.
"People,especiallyyoungpeople,livingindifferentpartsofTurke ydon'tknoweachother,"shesaid."Face-to-
face[meeting]isimportant.Wewanttogivesomepossibilitiestothe seyoungpeopletoexperiencethecity."
OnephotoprojectfocusedonaRomafamily.(PhotocourtesyoftheBAKp roject)
OnephotoprojectfocusedonaRomafamily.(PhotocourtesyoftheBAKp roject)
Theprojectmemberschosethefollowingissues:The1923populatione xchangebetweenGreeceandTurke
y;Romapeople;andthetattoocultur e.
ManyworksalsofeaturedtheKurds'years-longbattleforminorityrights.
"Zilan,"avideodocumentary,recallsamassacreofthousandsofKurd sandtheexileofmanymorebytheTurkishstateinthe1930s.
"Ifoundoutthatmanykilledwererelativesofmine.Theaffectedvill ageswereveryfamiliar,"saidco-directorDeryaGumus.
"Imetpeoplewhosurvived.[Theywere]thelastwitnesses.Eventhoug hIlivethere,Ilearneditverylateaswell,soIwantedtotellthis."
Gumusadmitsthatworkingwithapartnerfromadifferentbackgroundw asnotalwayseasy.HerpartnerwasoriginallyfromtheBlackSearegio n,butnowstudiesinthewesterncityofIzmir,whichisoneofthemainh ubsforrefugeesseekingtoenterEurope.
Thatexperience,Gumussays,helpedtoprovidemonground.
Overingethnicdividesbetweenpartnersbecameharderwhenfighting betweenthePKKKurdishrebelgroupandtheTurkishgovernmentresume dlastJuly.
Onephotoprojectfocusedonthetraditionalandmoderntattoocultur einTurkey.(PhotocourtesyoftheBAKproject)
Onephotoprojectfocusedonthetraditionalandmoderntattoocultur einTurkey.(PhotocourtesyoftheBAKproject)
Diyarbakir,oneoftheBAKhostcities,witnessedsomeoftheworstfig hting.Theconflictaffectedsomeprojects.
Forexample,"TheResortoftheEast:Hazar"aimedtoshowanaspectofK urdishliferarelyseen:normality.PhotographerMuratKartalsaidh eandhispartnerwantedtoshowtheholidayhabitsoftheregion.But,h esaid,thegrowingviolencecausedproblems.
"Isawthatoureffortscouldbeinvain,"hesaid."Theclashesstarted andIquestionedthis,‘WhatamIdoinghere?'Whenwefinishthisproj ectandexhibitthesephotographs,weseethepreciousnessofpeace."
Manyobserverswarnthatthedeepeningethnicconflict,especiallya mongtheyoung,presentsTurkeywithoneofitsgreatestchallenges.
ButthosewhoparticipatedinBAKsaytheytookasmallstepinbridging thatethnicdivide.
I'mJohnRussell.
DorianJoneswrotethisstoryforVOANews.JimDresbachadaptedhisre portforLearningEnglish.KellyJeanKellywastheeditor.