农业考古
农业考古2019·3
无锡阳山种桃历史悠久，被评为我国四大传统桃产区之一。该地生产的水蜜桃香气浓郁，桃肉柔软多汁，皮易剥离，糖度高，酸度低，风味鲜美，名扬中外。2012年，阳山更是以水蜜桃产业为基础建立了国内首个田园综合体，成为乡村振兴战略实施的典范。2017年，“江苏无锡水蜜桃栽培系统”入选“中国重要农业文化遗产”名录。本文将细致梳理阳山水蜜桃的发展历史，并分为四个发展阶段，分别是前期奠基阶段、引种发展阶段、发展受阻阶段和全面发展阶段。
一、前期奠基阶段
（一）无锡自南宋便已植桃
2019年第3期
阳山水蜜桃的发展历史
冯竹清王思明
摘要：无锡阳山种桃历史悠久，早在南宋时期便已大量植桃。元明清时期桃农间种桃树，未曾中断，清末时无锡已开始种植水蜜桃，这是“前期奠基阶段”。20世纪20年代开始，阳山从上海、奉化和日本大量引进良种，试种成功并推广开来，水蜜桃产业得到发展，“阳山水蜜桃”品牌形成，这是“引种发展阶段”。农业合作化和“文化大革命”期间，水蜜桃种植面积锐减至800亩，是“发展受阻阶段”。1978年以后，水蜜桃产业逐渐得到恢复，经过1984年、1999年和2004年三次农业结构调整，水蜜桃产业发展成为阳山地区的支柱型产业，后水蜜桃种植面积稳定在约3.2万亩，产品远销海内外。另外，依托水蜜桃产业，阳山开始大力发展文化旅游、生态旅游等项目，这是“全面发展阶段”。
关键词：无锡阳山；水蜜桃；发展历史
中图分类号：K206文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-2335（2019）03-0170-08
支柱性产业On the Development History of Yangshan Peach
Feng Zhuqing,Wang Siming
Abs tract：Ya ngshan area in Wuxi has a long history of peach planting,and a large number of peaches had been planted as early as the Southern Song Dynasty.Peach trees were planted by peach farmers in Yuan and Ming dynasties,and Wuxi began to plant peach in the late Qing Dynasty,
which was the period of laying the foundation of peach planting in the early stage.Since the1920s,Yangshan introduced plenty of improved varieties from Shanghai,Fenghua and Japan.The trial plant-ing was successful promoted and the peach industry was developed,leading to the formation of the brand"Yangshan juicy peach",and this was the introduction and development stage.During the agricultural co-operation and the Cultural Revolu-tion,the area of peach planting dropped sharply to800mu,which was the stage of hindering development.After1978,the peach industry was gradually restored,especially after three agricultural structural adjustments in1984,1999and2004,juicy peach industry developed into a pillar industry in Yangshan area.Since then,the area of peach planting remained stable at about32,000mu,and peaches were sold at home and abroad.In addition,depending on the juicy peach industry,Yangshan began to vigorously develop its cultural tourism,eco-tourism and other projects,which is the stage of comprehensive develop-ment.
Key words：Ya ngshan in Wuxi;peach;development history
冯竹清，女，南京农业大学中华农业文明研究院硕士研究生，研究方向为农业史；王思明，男，南京农业大学中华农业文明研究院院长、教授、博士生导师，研究方向为农业史。
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