选词填空技巧汇总
大学英语四级考试的阅读部分,除了传统的两篇仔细阅读和一篇快速阅读,还有一种让考生普遍头痛的考法:选词填空。
选词填空的考察形式是:一篇280词左右的文章,文章中挖出10个空,并统一给出A-O15个备选答案。
选词填空区别于完形填空,有更大的解题难度,原因在于:
1. 完形填空每题都是四选一,选词填空第一题要十五选一,就算用到排除法,最后一题也要六选一,而且在十五个选项中还有五个根本不会用到,难度加大;
2. 完形填空每题的四个选项都是统一的词性,只需要辨析词义、搭配就基本可以作答,而选词填空的十五个选项有多个词性,解题时需要同时判断词性和词义,难度加大;
3. 完形填空每题的四个选项往往都是统一时态,统一形式,而在选词填空中会涉及选项的动词时态、第三人称单数形式、被动主动语态,名词的单复数等的辨析,难度加大。
因此,针对选词填空的解题方法分为三步:
1. 预览选项,了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性:名词n,动词v,形容词a,副词ad,在每个选项后作词性的简要标记;
2. 精读全文开头,把握文章主题,并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位,利用前后文判断每空的词性;
3. 把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文,含义通顺,时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。
四级考试的常用后缀在判断选项词性时可以有一定帮助作用:
常见名词后缀:
-ability usability, capability
英语四级技巧-
ibility visibility, responsibility, stability
-age package, shortage, marriage
-ance importance, allowance, reliance
-ence presence, absence, confidence
-ant assistant, accountant, inhabitant
-ent president, resident, dependent
-cy bankruptcy, literacy, democracy
-ion construction, rebellion
-ition position, repetition, tuition
-ation consideration, realization, dictation, presentation
-ty loyalty, identity, cruelty
-ment movement, government, argument
-ness carefulness, illness, happiness
-ology physiology, sociology, zoology
-ship friendship, professorship, leadership, hardship
-sion confusion, decision, revision, discussion
-ure exposure, pleasure, failure, pressure, future
1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor
3)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience
4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,
5)-bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility,
6)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
7)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood
8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
9)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
10)-ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity
11)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
12)-ness, 表示“性质,状态,程度” goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
13)-ship, 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship
14)-th, 表示“动作,性质,过程,状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
15)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)
16)-ure, 表示“行为,结果” exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续),
17)-grapy, 表示"……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
18)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics
19)-ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)
20)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)
-sion,-tion,如:starvation,attraction,profession
-ity,如:quality,diversity
常见动词后缀:1)-ize, ise, 表示“做成,变成,……化modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en, 表示”使成为,引起,使有”
quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy, 表示“使……化, 使成”
beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示“使,令”
finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示“成为……,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate
-ate,如:estimate,generate
-en,如:widen,worsen
常见形容词后缀:形容词
-able capable, acceptable
-ible visible, sensible, permissible
-al personal, internal, critical, accidental
- ary necessary, primary, secondary
-ory satisfactory, illusory
-ful cheerful, useful, faithful
-ic realistic, specific, poetic, energetic
-ical physical, classical, economical
-ish foolish, childish, selfish
(*accomplish, vanish)
-ous envious, poisonous, courageous
-ious religious, furious, precious
-some lonesome, troublesome, handsome
-y dirty, healthy, rainy, thirsty, sunny
-like manlike, childlike
名词-ly manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
-ful beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
-most foremost, topmost
-less 表否定,countless, stainless, wireless
-able,如:stable,affordable
-tive,-sive,如:destructive,excessive ,sensitive
-ous,如:unconscious,enormous
常见副词后缀:附三:常见词性后缀辨析
1.副词
-ly slowly, quickly, really
-ward(s) westward, westwards, backwards
-wise clockwise, otherwise,
(形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地/恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地
-wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地
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