15选10是⼤英四级改⾰后阅读的新题型,有些同学做这种题时会盲⽬地“试答案”,这不仅会使正确率下降,还会影响答题时间。其实,做这种题时还是有很多规律可循的。⼀般将备选分类是最有效的⽅法,可以按词性划分为名词、动词、形容词和副词。同样,平均到这些类别中的词汇也减少到了3、4个,这样通过上下⽂判别空缺单词的词性来有的放⽮地选择答案,作对的⼏率就会明显上升。
我觉得这种题型和完型填空还是有相似性的,但要⽐后者简单。⼀些完型中的⽤在15选10中。⽐如,常见的固定搭配,语法知识点和句⼦与句⼦间的逻辑关系等。这⾥会涉及到英语语⾔的2⼤特点,即篇章的⼀致性与连贯性。下⾯我结合实例进⾏讲解。
例: El Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange
__47__ happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds, which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in __48__ , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5°C
The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot , humid air over the ocean causes severe __49__ thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America __50__ floods to Peru. In the W
est Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts or the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and __51__.
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 El Nino brought the most __52__ weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billon pounds __53__ of damage. The 1990 El Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists __54__ this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.
Nowadays, weather expert are able to forecast when an El Nino will __55__, buy they still not __56__ sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.
备选:
A) estimate I) completely
B) strength J) destructive
C) deliberately K) starvation
D) notify L) bringing
英语四级技巧E) tropical M) exhaustion
F) phenomenon N) worth
G) stable O) strike
H) attraction
第⼀步:先将选项按词性划分:
名词有B) strength F) phenomenon H) attraction K) starvation M) exhaustion N) worth;
动词有A) estimate D) notify L) bringing O) strike;
副词有C) deliberately I) completely;
形容词有E) tropical G) stable J) destructive
如果有陌⽣单词,可以通过前后缀来辨别,这⾥就不⼀⼀赘述。
第⼆步:熟悉⽂章,本⽂介绍了厄尔尼诺现象发⽣的原因,以及对世界的⽓候和⼈类⽣活造成的巨⼤
影响。第⼀段讲述了El Nino的成因,原El Nino,如果不认识没有关系,因为第⼀句后半段有climate 这个单词,这说明El Nino与⽓候变化有关,注意第⼆句开头的This strange __47__就是指El Nino,之后有动词happens,说明47题应该填⼀个名词,结合上下⽂,只有F) phenomenon适合。再看48题,也是⼀个名词的辨析,由空格之前的介词in得知。前⼀句的failure和本句的lessen意思⼀样,表⽰“减少,减弱”,所以判断选B) strength,表⽰风的⼒量减弱。由语⾔环境判断这两个空全部填名词,所以在具体选择答案时⼀定要结合上下⽂的意思。再看第⼆段, thunderstorms是名词,所以49空应填形容词来修饰它,E) tropical“热带的”符合,表⽰“热带风暴”。50空前的句意是“南美的降⾬量增加”谓语动词是“is increased”,所以后半句应使⽤⾮谓语动词形式,表⽰“给秘鲁带来洪⽔” L) bringing正好表⽰“带来”。51题由句意就可判断出答案,“⼀部分地区洪⽔泛滥,⽽另⼀部分地区遭遇⼲旱”,该处与drought, poor crops意思并列,只有K) starvation“饥饿”符合。52题⼜可由词性来判断,weather是名词,之前应⽤形容词修饰,并且由上下⽂判断这个词是个贬义词,因此选J) destructive“具有破坏性”。53题后的of damage表⽰“.…..的损失”所
以“over eight billon pounds __53__”是⽤来修饰它的,根据句意,只有N) worth “价值”与pounds意思相近,表⽰“带来80亿英镑的损失”。54题根据句⼦结构判断空格处应填⼊谓语动词,前⼀句“厄尔尼诺现象从90年持续到95 年”与本句存在推测关系,所以填⼊A) estimate。55题前的will和应填的词之间是“情态动词+动词”的关系,通过排除法选择O) strike,意思为“科学家们可以提前预测厄尔尼诺现象的发⽣”。56题由词性判断选择副词I) completely,它修饰动词sure,表⽰“科学家不⼗分确信……”
这是⼀篇与⽓候有关的⽂章。El Nino(厄尔尼诺现象)反复出现,是⽂章的中⼼词。像这类热门的话题词汇,考⽣应格外关注,因为四、六级考试越来越注重与实际问题的结合。如果⼀眼就洞察出它的意思,那么就能轻松理解⽂章的⼤意,这对成绩的提⾼很有帮助。通过以上讲解,读者不难发现词性划分对于提⾼15选10这类题型的答题速度和正确率起着举⾜轻重的作⽤,考⽣应多加练习,掌握其中的规律。
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