黄山四绝--奇松
黄山延绵数百里，千峰万壑，比比皆松。黄山松，它分布於海拔800米以上高山，以石为母，顽强地扎根於巨岩裂隙。黄山松针叶粗短，苍翠浓密，干曲枝虬，千姿百态。或倚岸挺拔，或独立峰巅，或倒悬绝壁，或冠平如盖，或尖削似剑。有的循崖度壑，绕石而过；有的穿罅穴缝，破石而出。忽悬、忽横、忽卧、忽起，“无树非松，无石不松，无松不奇”。
黄山松是由黄山独特地貌、气候而形成的中国松树的一种变体。黄山松一般生长在海拔800米以上的地方，通常是黄山北坡在1500-1700米处，南坡在1000-1600米处。黄山松的千姿百态和黄山贩自然环境有着很大的关系。黄山松的种子能够被风送到花岗岩的裂缝中去，以无坚不摧、有缝即入的钻劲，在那里发芽、生根、成长。黄山泥土稀少，但花岗岩中肉红的长石中含有钾，夏天雷雨后空气中的氮气变成氮盐，可以被岩层和泥土吸收，进而为松树的根系吸收；松树的根系不断分泌一种有机酸，能慢慢溶解岩石，把岩石中的矿物盐类分解出来为己所用；花草、树页等植物腐烂后，也分解成肥料；这样黄山松便在贫瘠的岩缝中存活、成长。地势崎岖不平，悬崖峭壁纵横堆叠，黄山松无法垂直生长，只能弯弯曲曲地甚至
朝下生长。由于要抗暴风御冰霜，黄山松的针叶短粗，冠平如削，绿深沉，树干和树枝也极坚韧，极富弹性。黄山松的另一特点是，由于风吹日晒，许多松树只在一边长出树枝。黄山松姿态坚韧傲然，美丽奇特，但生长的环境十分艰苦，因而生长速度异常缓慢，一棵高不盈丈的黄山松，往往树龄上百年，甚至数百年；根部常常比树干长几倍、几十倍，由于根部很深，黄山松能坚强地立于岩石之上，虽历风霜雨霜却依然永葆青春。
最著名的黄山松有：迎客松（位于玉屏楼的石狮前面），送客松（位于玉屏楼的右边），蒲团松（位于莲花溪谷），凤凰松（位于天海），棋盘松（位于平田石桥），接引松（位于始信峰），麒麟松（位于北海宾馆和清凉台之间），黑虎松（位于北海宾馆和始信峰之间），探海松或叫舞松（位于天都峰的鲫鱼背旁边）──这就是黄山的十大名松。过去还曾有人编了《名松谱》，收录了许多黄山松，您可以数出名字的松树成百上千，每颗都独具美丽、优雅的风格。
黄山四绝--怪石
黄山“四绝”之一的怪石，以奇取胜，以多著称。已被命名的怪石有120多处。其形态可谓千奇百怪，令人叫绝。似人似物，似鸟似兽，情态各异，形象逼真。黄山怪石从不同的位置，
在不同的天气观看情趣迥异，可谓“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同”。其分布可谓遍及峰壑巅坡，或兀立峰顶或戏逗坡缘，或与松结伴，构成一幅幅天然山石画卷 。
黄山千岩万壑，几乎每座山峰上都有许多灵幻奇巧的怪石，其形成期约在100多万年前的第四纪冰川期，黄山石“怪”就怪在从不同角度看，就有不同的形状。站在半山寺前望天都峰上的一块大石头，形如大公鸡展翅啼鸣，故名“金鸡叫天门”，但登上龙蟠坡回首再故，这只一唱天下白的雄鸡却仿佛摇身一变，变成了五位长袍飘飘、扶肩携手的老人，被改冠以“五老上天都”之名。黄山峰海，无处不石、无石不松、无松不奇。奇松怪石，往往相映成趣，俄位于北海的梦笔生花、、以及“喜鹊登梅”（仙人指路）、老僧采药、苏武牧羊等，据说黄山有名可数的石头的就达1200多块，我们无法为大家一一道尽。它们大都是三分形象、七分想象，从人的心理移情于石，使一块冥顽不灵的石头凭空有了精灵跳脱的生命。欣赏时不妨充分调动自己的主观创造力，可获更高的审美享受 。
黄山四绝--云海
黄山四绝指的是哪四个景自古黄山云成海,黄山是云雾之乡，以峰为体，以云为衣，其瑰丽壮观的“云海”以美、胜、奇、幻享誉古今，一年四季皆可观、尤以冬季景最佳。依云海分布方位，全山有东海、南
海、西海、北海和天海；而登莲花峰、天都峰、光明顶则可尽收诸海于眼底，领略“海到尽头天是岸，山登绝顶我为峰”之境地。本作文共4页,当前在第1页 1 2 3 4
For this part ,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a good friend John ,congratulating him on his admission to a famous university . You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1、 对朋友进入大学表示祝贺
2、 介绍大学生活和中学生活的异同
3、 对如何成功地好大学生活提出自己的建议
dear
When I heared the news that you had been admitted to famous university,I was quite happily . Congratulate with you very much.
The life in the university is greatly different from ours in the middle school , I believe . First , on the living type , it’s leisure and freedom in the university , which is not like tight and constraint in the middle school at all . Second , on the studying , in the university , there is no long forced to learn by teacher , no longer so many lectures to have to learn . You are learning by self-conscious and also can select you favorite lectures.
As long as you make use of your time and be studious to do every wonderful things . I believe your life in the university will be very colourful.
Yours sincerely
Yuan Ruiling
Cancer and Environment
提纲
1．癌症的两个起因。
2．造成癌症的环境原因。
3．非个人原因造成的环境污染。
There are two main causes for cancer: heredity and environment. We can do nothing to change our heredity, that is, the basic physical characteristics that arepassed on to us by our parents. However, we can do a great deal to control our environment, which may account for eighty to ninety percent of all cancers.
Enviromnental pollution can be divided into two kinds: personal and impersonal. Personal pollution may be defined roughly as unhealthy habits such as smoking, drinking,
and eating the wrong foods. Clearly, with enough will power we can control this personal environment.
Impersonal pollution, on the other hand, refers to those things which are beyond our individual control. One example would be indus trial pollution, which is very hard to control because of the expenses that are needed. The American automobile industry, for example, resisted the law requiring smog-control devices because il feared the added expense would reduce profits. Nevertheless, some laws protecting the environment have been quite successful in reducing pollution.
Tiananmen Square
Located at the center of Beijing City is Tiananmen Square, where you can visit Tiananmen Tower, Monument to the People’s Heroes, Great Hall of the People, Mao Zedong Memorial Hall and see the national flag raising ceremony. Thousands of people come to the Square every day. It is the must place to visit in Beijing City.
At the north end of the Square is Tiananmen Tower. Initially built in 1417 during the Ming Dynasty (1368 A.D.--1644 A.D.), the Square was the front door of the Forbidden City. The most important use of it in the past was to declare in a big ceremony to the common people who became the emperor and who became the empress. Until 1911 when the last feudal kingdom was over, no one could enter the Tower except for the royal family and aristocrats.
The granite Monument to the People’s Heroes is just at the center of the Tiananmen Square. Built in 1952, it is the largest monument in China’s history. “ The People’s Heroes are Immortal “ written by Chairman Mao is engraved on the monument. Eight unusually large relief sculptures show to the people the development of Chinese modern history. Two rows of white marble railings enclose the monument, simple and beautiful.
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