摘  要
近年来，随着我国国民经济的发展和人们消费理念的转变，越来越多的人们开始习惯使用信用卡这种新型的消费方式，可以说信用卡给人们的生活带来了极大便利，对消费市场也起到了促进作用。不仅如此，信用卡业务还给商业银行带了巨大的中间业务收入，但也同时给商业银行的资金安全带来了风险隐患。从近几年这些数据的变化情况来看，信用卡逾期未还情况日益严重，商业银行的资金风险正在呈现逐步扩大的趋势。
通过简单分析我们可以归纳出主要是由两方面原因造成的：一方面由于业务发展初期各商业银行为了尽快抢占市场份额，扩大客户体，多采取跑马圈地这种粗放式经营模式，导致信用卡客户准入门槛太低，持卡客户质量良莠不齐；另一方面由于发卡银行和持卡人之间的信息不对称，银行对持卡人财务状况无法及时掌握，持卡人很可能因为自身财务状况发生恶化等情况导致恶意拖欠银行资金。因此，分析和识别商业银行信用卡业务可能产生的各类风险状况，并就这些状况进行监控和管理就是非常重要且必须的，这将直接与商业银行信用卡业务产生的业务收入和保持信用卡业务正常发展的维系成本挂钩，尤其是2008年美国次贷危机的爆发带给国内商业银行的风险警示，也值得我国银行业借鉴和深思。所以，重视与强调对商业银行信用卡业务的风险管理工作，不仅能有效降低商业银行发行和维护信用卡的成本，减少商业银行的资金损失，还能在社会上形成良好的用卡环境，维护信用卡持卡人的利益，降低信用卡的用卡风险。
本文以中国建设银行J省分行为例，通过归纳其信用卡业务的现状和剖析发展过程中存在的问题，从目前我国商业银行信用卡业务风险产生的原因及风险管理角度出发，采用文献索引法、实证分析法、案例分析法，通过专著及相关论著的阅读，在借鉴其他国家和地区商业银行成功控制信用卡及其业务风险的经验基础上，再从自身实际情况出发，提出完善中国建设银行J省分行信用卡风险管理的建议和措施，最大限度地达到控制该分行信用卡呆账坏账数量，减少持卡客户恶意欠款的效果。在信用卡风险管理的操作过程中，制定合理的授信政策和审批流程，对客户用卡过程进行跟踪和监控，运用国内外较为成熟的风险管理方法对持卡客户的信息和用卡习惯进行分析，出能归纳持卡客户的风险特征，并在授信和审核环节进行风险控制，最大限度地降低该分行的信用卡业务风险，减少此风险给该分行资金带来的损失。归纳来说提出了七个方面的风险管理改进建议：完善个人征信系统、强化人员风险意识、组建风险管理队伍、规范信用卡业务流程、运用技术防控风险、构建风险管理体系及建立信息沟通机制。在实际操作中，由于我国银行业对于商业银行信用卡的风险管理仍处于探索和摸索阶段，缺乏一个完
整统一的内部风险管理控制的整体机制，因此研究商业银行信用卡业务风险管理对促进我国商业银行信贷风险类业务的发展与创新，推进信用风险管理框架的构建，保持银行业持续、稳定和健康的发展都具有深刻的现实意义。
本文共分五章：第一章绪论主要介绍了该论文的研究背景、意义、方法，综合论述目前信用卡风险管理国内外的研究现状；第二章信用卡风险管理概述，主要介绍了关于信用卡的定义、内容、分类以及信用
卡风险的种类和信用卡业务风险管理的定义、内容；第三章主要从中国建设银行J省分行信用卡业务风险管理内容的实际入手，从社会宏观层面、发卡银行、持卡客户和特约商户等方面综合分析目前建行J省分行信用卡业务风险管理存在的问题及原因；第四章在结合建行J 省分行信用卡业务风险管理存在问题的基础上，提出改进建议；第五章提出结论与下一步的工作展望。
关键词：信用卡；风险管理；中国建设银行
ABSTRACT
More and more people begin to use credit card for consumption in recent years, with the development of economy and changes of consumption concept. Credit cards not only make life convenient, but also facilitate consumer market development. In addition, credit card has brought huge intermediary business income to commercial banks. However, credit cards became a potential risk for commercial bank capital security. There is trend that capital risk of commercial bank is increasing and overdue situation is worsening from data changed over the years.
We can conclude that this situation is mainly caused by two reasons though simple analysis. Firstly, commercial banks adopted vulgar management mode in early periods in order to seizing market share and increasing the number of customer as soon as possible. This model lead to reduced credit cards a
ccess standers and uneven customer quality. Secondly, banks could not master customers’ financial situation in time since information asymmetry between the issuing bank and the cardholder. In this situation, the cardholder may maliciously default bank loan as cardholder’s financial situation worsen. So, it is necessary to analyze, identify, monitor and management various kinds of risks due to credit card. These measures would not only related to income of whole commercial bank credit card, but also related to maintaining the normal business development. Chinese banking industry should thank about lessons from the breakout of subprime mortgage crisis, the importance of risk management. In conclusion, risk management of commercial banks credit card business can not only effectively reduce the cost of commercial bank's credit card and capital losses of the commercial banks, but also can establish positive environment of credit card using, protect the benefit of cardholders and reduce the risk of credit card using.
This article takes J province branch of China construction bank (CCB) as an example, in order to control the numbers of bad debts of credit card and reduce the malicious arrears of customers, it will generalize the current situation of J province branch’s credit card business, analyze the issues in the development process. From the point of view of the reasons why the risks generate for the credit card business of China’s commercial banks and risks management, it will use literature indexing method, th
e empirical analysis, the method of case analysis and reads monograph, moreover, on the basis of experience of other nations’ commercial banks about controlling the credit card and its risks, also, from our own reality, it will raise the suggestions and methods
about the risk management of J province branch’s credit card business. During the operational process of the Credit risk management, we need to adopt measures like developing reasonable credit policies and approval processes, tracking and monitoring the process of customers’ card usage, using the more mature risk management methods both domestically and externally to analyze customers’ information and using habits; Moreover, they should also reveal the risk characteristics of inducing card holders, then followed by risk control in the credit ,examination and approval processes. Thereafter, the methods of minimizing the risk of credit card business and the coming lose of capital in the branch could be achieved. To sum up proposes the suggestions for improvement of the risk management in seven aspects: perfecting the personal credit system, strengthen the risk awareness of the staffs, select a team for the risk management, standard credit card business process, use of technology to control the risk, build systems for risk management and establish information communication mechanism. In actual operation, because of China's banking industry still exists in the exploration stage for the risk management of commercial bank credit card, lack of a complete and unifi
ed mechanism for internal risk management and control, so the study of commercial bank risk management of credit card business have profound practical significance for the development and innovation of credit risk business of China's commercial bank, to promote the construction of credit risk management framework, and to maintain the banking sector sustained, stable and healthy development.
This article is divided into five chapters. Chapter I mainly introduced research background, significance, methods, international research status of risk management comprehensively. Chapter II introduced definition, content, and classification of credit cards, classification of credit card risk and definition and content of credit card risk management. Chapter III analyzed the current problem of credit card risk management and causes of problem in J province branch of CCB. Chapter IV showed suggestions for improvement in credit card risk management based on current problem of J province branch of CCB. Chapter V put forward the conclusion and the outlook for the future.
Key Words: Credit Card; Risk management; China Construction Bank (CCB)
目  录
1. 绪论 (1)
1.1 研究背景及意义 (1)
建设银行卡种类1.2 国内外研究现状 (2)
1.3 研究内容和方法 (4)
2. 信用卡风险管理概述 (5)
2.1 信用卡的定义及分类 (5)
2.2 信用卡风险定义及分类 (6)
2.3 信用卡风险管理定义及内容 (8)
3. 建行J省分行信用卡风险管理现状 (10)
3.1 建行J省分行信用卡业务情况 (10)
3.2 建行J省分行信用卡业务风险管理存在的问题 (20)
3.3 建行J省分行信用卡业务风险管理问题分析 (23)
4. 建行J省分行信用卡风险管理建议 (27)
4.1 完善个人征信系统 (27)
4.2 强化人员风险意识 (28)
4.3 组建风险管理队伍 (29)
4.4 规范信用卡业务流程 (30)
4.5 运用技术防控风险 (33)
4.6 构建风险管理体系 (34)
5. 结论 (37)
5.1 研究结论 (37)
5.2 展望 (37)
参考文献 (39)
致谢 (41)