目录
Distinctions Between pragmatic presuppositions and activated propositions Bai Huiling（白会凌）5
巴塞尔姆小说语言的语篇特征曹路漫6
汉语篇章中的间接否定昌薇6
模糊数字的顺应性分析陈琳霞7
布農族人和閩南人在拒絕時語言使用的比較--以兩個不同族的農業村落為例陳葚慈8
论语用的真实性陈新仁9
语用预设与教师话语陈艳清9
Pragmatic Analysis of Indirectness in Listening Comprehension 陈玉红王晓晨9
规范与原则——社会文化语用学与认知语用学之整合陈治安万敏10
概念系统和语言操作程琪龙11
Study on English Euphemisms From a Pragmatic Perspective 崔桂华12
关联理论在幽默文本翻译中的运用戴光荣12
Promotion-to-Subject in Communication，A Pragmatic Consideration 邓隽13
从联结主义看格赖斯循环董成如14
语码混用现象的语用分析段廷婷14
从《伟大的盖茨比》看Ｇrice会话含意理论的语用意义甘阳14
The Complementarity of Politeness Principle and Tenor 高燕红15
语用意识的培养对中国英语学习者习得―请求‖语言表达式的影响国庆祝付海燕15
特殊自我指示―NP＋我‖与―我＋NP‖研究郭圣林16
溯因推理对话语含意的推导能力——国内语用溯因推理研究概述韩晓方温美昕16
大学英语教学中的语用意识郝雁南16
Constructing a Cultural Context- A Methodological Consideration of Cultural Pragmatics He Gang,Yang Liru 17
―的话‖的语用学研究贺文丽18
模因与言语交际模式何雪林18
语言中的模因何自然19
Methodologies In Cross-Cultural Pragmatics Research Hong Gang（洪岗）20 Contextualizing context in Pragmatics: The dynamics of meaning Leo Francis Hoye 20
国际交流语用学论纲胡庚申21
试论体裁的历时变化----基于《人民日报》元旦社论的实证研究黄莹22
英汉委婉语语用功能比较黄育才22
试论省力原则姜望琪23
语际语用学的课堂研究——恭维语与恭维语回应的可教性探析江晓红24
The Influence of Interlocutors‘ Social Distance on Topic Shifts: An Empirical Study on Chinese Two-party Conversations Ying Jiang (姜颖)24
她真的不会说话吗？——论刘姥姥语用策略焦爱梅25
元语否定与提及分析景晓平25
Bilingual Pragmatics: An Intercultural Perspective Istvan Kecskes 26
从―缺省预设‖看话语理解Ke Xianbing(柯贤兵)26
认知语境观与外语交际能力的关系李冬梅27
语用缓和现象初探李海辉27
国内关于中国英语学习者外语语用能力研究评述李怀奎28
从社会关系和交际场合看汉语反问句的语用特点李捷29
论王蒙话语幽默的语用前提李军29
广告语篇的指称性用法分析李军宋彦妮30
关联理论与阅读理解教学李玲君30
汉语口语话语中指示代词的话语-语用功能探讨李巧兰31
功能语法的语境观与叙事语篇的语义层次分析黎清32
语际语用学近年来研究概述李秋梅32
Telephone Conversation Openings in China 李圣平33
布什演讲中的预设分析李祥坤杨柳33
Lexical Narrowing and Broadening 李欣34
语义压制的转喻理据李勇忠34
否定的语用认知分析梁晓波35
从顺应论角度看文化语境对翻译中词义选择的制约廖开洪李锦35
法庭互动话语中的formulation现象研究廖美珍35
再评―目的—意图原则‖—兼与褚修伟和霍永寿先生商榷林大津虞秋玲36
从社交语用对比研究看翻译的异化与归化林晓琴37
英汉―许诺‖言语行为适切条件的相对性林晓英37
语境的四类要素有机合成——关于语境构成的重新理解刘伯奎38
Philosophical, Semantical and Pragmatical Approaches to Definite Descriptions 刘存伟39 Pragmatic Analysis of the First and Second Person Pronouns in L2 Writing 刘东虹39
The Pragmatician‘s Self-fashioning Liu Yameng（刘亚猛）40
饭店英语中的礼貌语用原则――培养学生的服务意识刘茵40
活―零‖活现，话―零‖的演绎——―零‖的语用推理卢俊燕41
英译《红楼梦》幽默话语翻译的语用推理--《红楼梦》英译本幽默话语等值效果分析吕世生王英虹41
To Contextually Understand an Utterance 吕细华42
预设投射问题的认知解释马国玉42
Politeness in Cyber-chat 马海芳43
从模因论到规范论——论切斯特曼翻译规范论的理论来源马萧43
汉英感叹词语用对比研究梅美莲43
语篇语用学：句法结构的语篇视角苗兴伟44
推理照应的认知语用研究莫爱屏44
汉俄―水‖、―火‖成语之象征寓意牟萍45
作格句的语用机理研究牛保义45
―面子论‖与―主观性和主体‖论----对中国学生常见英语语用失误例案分析潘翠琼46
语用研究中社会文化模式与认知模式的结合潘永樑46
Cognitive Context and Text Comprehension 潘震47
从礼貌用语看汉、英语言文化的价值差异裴飞娟48
从关联理论看英语新闻标题的关联性秦小锋48
A Study on Pragmatic Failure of Greetings Qu Jing（曲晶）Tang Ying 48
礼貌与肯定回答方式----「好/行/可以」的区别--- 全香兰49
话语理解中词义的语用收窄、语用扩充以及语用特指冉永平50
The Pragmatics of Interpretation 任蕊51
A Multicultural Approach to Discourse Shi Xu 51
What Pragmatic Rules for Chinese Learners of English? Song Li(宋莉)51
语用学与大学英语教学粟为农52
跨文化交际语用中的身体隐喻词汇联想孙芳琴52
英汉代词系统社交指示功能对比研究孙飞凤53
Trends in Pragmatic Research Sun Jianrong 54
论反语的本质属性涂靖55
试论广告语篇的语用策略王长安56
通过言语行为教学提高学生英语口语语用能力王传经王莹56
从顺应理论的角度看间接言语行为的使用王红57
论英语语用指示语的指示与非指示用法王宏军57
从宏观和跨文化的角度探讨语言应用汪建峰58
王晓晨语用意义转换所涉及的因素王森林58
Politeness in Inviting: considering the influence of culture Wang Shu‘e(王淑娥)58
指示现象的认知研究王义娜59
―物质过程‖的评价价值王振华59
英语隐喻解读与语用翻译策略韦忠生60
从―小‖的命运看称谓的语用问题文旭60
优选论和英语语篇回指的确认翁依琴60
Intercultural Studies of Communication Styles and Communication Functions Wu Cuiyu(吴翠玉)61
语辞反讽理解的认知语用过程吴萍61
关联理论与大学英语听力教学吴琼62
面子与礼貌补救策略吴雁62
WELL在英译汉中的语用功能缺失现象初探吴勇63
语用学研究的几点思考向明友64
从韩礼德的―元功能‖、―语域‖理论看翻译研究中语用取向思想的萌芽肖家燕张东平64 (不)礼貌1与（不）礼貌2：批评与思考谢朝65
顺应理论研究在中国——近15年来我国语用学顺应理论研究的回顾与评述谢少万66 从合作和礼貌原则看依阿高的会话成功幸君珺66
缺损推理初探熊学亮66
非常规间接前指照应的释义策略许宁云67
语用推理的逻辑属性徐盛桓67
语用前提的类别、性质及形式化探讨徐以中68
Ad hoc Conception Construction and Metaphor Interpretation 徐章宏69
语用学的形式化研究杨平69
广告语码转换的语用分析杨涛70
句型教学结合语用分析的构想杨翼70
汉语―可以‖与日语―いい/よい‖的对比研究叶方侠71
动态语境新论曾方本71
词汇语用学：原则、方法、对象和发展现状曾衍桃72
关联性：阅读理解的核心----关联理论对阅读理解及其教学的启示曾衍桃蔡蔚72
也谈布朗和列文森礼貌原则的缺陷詹全旺73
会话合作原则与谎言的辩证关系章礼霞73
Convention and Lexical-Pragmatic Processes 张韧75
The Functional Approach In Teaching Listening Comprehension Course Zhang Shujun(张树筠)75
英语詈语的语用功能探究章小画76
论庭审提问的顺应策略与顺应过程张新红胡海娟76
礼貌：会话含义的解读张翼76
网上聊天语言特点初探张云辉77
交际中梯级推理研究概述赵德全龚卫东77
Online Voice-based Chatroom: A New Approach to Interlanguage Pragmatics 赵福利77 Interpretation of Utterance Meaning and Speech Act Based on Analysis of Utterance Members 郑道俊78
网络言语行为分析——从语用角度透视网络聊天郑燕芳78
从连贯论到关联论的话语联系语研究周大军80
Cultural Adaptation-----an Essential Condition to Overcome Pragmatic Failure in Cross-cultural Communication 周光亚80
话题转换的语用学研究周海燕81
The Analysis and Comparison of Four Perspectives on Learners‘ Pragmatic Development 朱斌谊81
语境、语用、阅读与英语综合素质的培养朱风云82
汉语表示不确定零头的―多‖的用法及其解释——兼论汉语―量‖的表达的灵活性宗世海张鲁昌82
语用语境在大学英语课堂教学中的运用左尚君83
摘要正文
Distinctions Between pragmatic presuppositions and activated propositions
Bai Huiling （白会凌）
Foreign Languages Institute, Guizhou Normal University Abstract: Although it is widely recognized that differences in focal accent represent what are in some sense differences in what is given and what is new, there remains considerable confusion in the literature as to what the relevant notion of ‗given‘ is. This paper argues that when one distinguishes ‗given‘ in the sense of ‗presupposed‘ from ‗given‘ in the sense of ‗activated‘ (in the mind of the hearer), it becomes clear that it is the latter rather the former which characterizes the complement of focus. While there is literature that assumes this position, there is considerable body of literature that assumes that the relevant notion is in fact presupposition and little explicit argumentation that it is not presupposition. In addition, some of the literature that recognizes the relevance of activation mistakenly assumes that something that is activated is necessarily presupposed. The reason for this is that much of the literature ignores the distinction between propositions, which are mentally represented, and propositions that are believed.
This paper has attempted to sort out some of the confusion surrounding the pragmatics associated with the non-focus in simple focus sentences. Despite frequent claims that non-focus involves presupp
osition, careful examination of the data shows that this is not so, at least in the strict sense of presupposition as involving propositions which are part of the common ground of propositions the speakers assumes that they and the hearer both believe.
One of the central points of this paper is that the activation status and the belief status of propositions are independent parameters, something that seems to have been widely overlooked: there are not only activated beliefs and non-activated beliefs, but also activated propositions that are not believed. This raises questions about the relationship of propositions to other sorts of discourse entities likes individuals and events. It is not clear whether there is a distinction in the case of individuals that corresponds to the distinction between activated propositions that are shared beliefs and those that are not. One might suggest that activated propositions that are not shared beliefs are analogous to individuals like Santa Claus when such individuals are activated in discourses in which neither interlocutor believes in their existence. But there are important differences. Both activation and shared belief operate independently as relevant parameters in different syntactic constructions, and in some cases, as argued by Prince, constructions require that a particular proposition be both activated and a shared belief.
In conclusion, it is activation and not presupposition that is relevant to the pragmatics of the simple foc
us sentences. Much work in pragmatics has taken truth-conditional semantics as its starting point, and the evolution of ideas about pragmatic presupposition reflects a set of phenomena, which proved difficult to handle within a purely semantic theory. The notion of activation represents one step further from truth-conditional semantics, in that it involves a cognitive relationship between individuals and propositions that is independent of whether those individuals believe that the propositions are true or not, and illustrates the extent to which phenomena that are traditionally thought of as pragmatic must go well beyond semantic notions and make direct reference to cognition.
Key words: pragmatic presuppositions；activated propositions；focus
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