一、阅读理解(共20题，合计100分)
Unit 1
Passage One
Carbon dioxide makes up less than one percent of the Earth's atmosphere, but the gas is very important to life on Earth. Scientists are finding that processes involving carbon dioxide affect our climate in ways that are difficult to understand. Last month, a committee of the National Academy of Sciences in Washington released a report. It confirmed that world temperatures increased about six-tenths of a degree Celsius in the last one hundred years. The report also confirmed evidence that the level of carbon dioxide is increasing.
The best information about climate in the past comes from tests of ice many kilometers deep in Antarctica and Greenland. The tests show changes in temperature during the past four hundred thousand years. These tests show that levels of carbon dioxide today are the highest ever measured.
These findings have led scientists to believe that carbon dioxide is a major cause of climate warming. Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere when fuel is burned. Oil, coal and
Passage One
Carbon dioxide makes up less than one percent of the Earth's atmosphere, but the gas is very important to life on Earth. Scientists are finding that processes involving carbon dioxide affect our climate in ways that are difficult to understand. Last month, a committee of the National Academy of Sciences in Washington released a report. It confirmed that world temperatures increased about six-tenths of a degree Celsius in the last one hundred years. The report also confirmed evidence that the level of carbon dioxide is increasing.
The best information about climate in the past comes from tests of ice many kilometers deep in Antarctica and Greenland. The tests show changes in temperature during the past four hundred thousand years. These tests show that levels of carbon dioxide today are the highest ever measured.
These findings have led scientists to believe that carbon dioxide is a major cause of climate warming. Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere when fuel is burned. Oil, coal and
wood are all fuels that release the gas. When biological waste breaks down, it also releases carbon dioxide.
However, plants use carbon dioxide in the process called photosynthesis. This process provides food for almost all life on Earth. Some groups that support burning oil and coal want to increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. They oppose international efforts to control carbon dioxide.
Some scientists believe that forests and trees are able to capture large amounts of carbon dioxide from the air. Some groups even suggest that an increase in carbon dioxide could cause plants to grow faster.
A recent study in North Carolina found that more carbon dioxide in the air could cause trees to grow faster. But the researchers found the effect appears to last for only three years. Another study showed that much of the carbon dioxide that is taken in by trees is released within three years. The study noted that leaves release carbon dioxide when they fall from trees and break down in the soil. Plants also naturally release carbon dioxide through the process of respiration.
However, plants use carbon dioxide in the process called photosynthesis. This process provides food for almost all life on Earth. Some groups that support burning oil and coal want to increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. They oppose international efforts to control carbon dioxide.
Some scientists believe that forests and trees are able to capture large amounts of carbon dioxide from the air. Some groups even suggest that an increase in carbon dioxide could cause plants to grow faster.
A recent study in North Carolina found that more carbon dioxide in the air could cause trees to grow faster. But the researchers found the effect appears to last for only three years. Another study showed that much of the carbon dioxide that is taken in by trees is released within three years. The study noted that leaves release carbon dioxide when they fall from trees and break down in the soil. Plants also naturally release carbon dioxide through the process of respiration.
The natural balance of gases in the atmosphere is a complex scientific issue. The debate over carbon dioxide is only one part of efforts to understand world climate change.
1The committee report of the National Academy of Sciences in Washington reveals that ______.
A. ice from Antarctica and Greenland is appropriate to show the change
B. carbon dioxide is released mainly from the fuel
C. global temperatures increase as the level of carbon dioxide increases
D. carbon dioxide is helpful for tree growth
A. ice from Antarctica and Greenland is appropriate to show the change
B. carbon dioxide is released mainly from the fuel
C. global temperatures increase as the level of carbon dioxide increases
D. carbon dioxide is helpful for tree growth
[正确答案]C
[您的答案]C
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试题解析:
推断题。文章第一段指出，位于华盛顿的国家科学院的一个委员会发表了一份报告，该报告证实了全球温度在过去一百年升高了六分之一摄氏度，还证实发了二氧化碳含量正在增高，由此推断，报告显示二氧化碳含量和全球温度都有所升高，所以C正确。
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2Which of the following can be the source of carbon dioxide?
A. Oil and soil.
B. Soil and trees.
C. Wood and soil.
D. Trees and oil.
A. Oil and soil.
B. Soil and trees.
C. Wood and soil.
D. Trees and oil.
[正确答案]D
[您的答案]A
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试题解析:
六级阅读分值
细节题。文章第三段第三句提到，石油、煤和木材都是能释放二氧化碳的燃料；倒数第二段最后两句提到，树叶从树上落下来的时候会释放二氧化碳，植物在呼吸过程中也会自然地释放二氧化碳，再结合常识可知，土壤无法产生二氧化碳，所以排除A、B、C，选D。
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3According to this passage, some people disagree with the control of carbon dioxide because ______.
A. they think that carbon dioxide is beneficial for plant growth
B. they want to use more fuels that can emit carbon dioxide
C. they think carbon dioxide is not the main reason for global warming
D. they think it will destroy the natural balance of gases in the world
A. they think that carbon dioxide is beneficial for plant growth
B. they want to use more fuels that can emit carbon dioxide
C. they think carbon dioxide is not the main reason for global warming
D. they think it will destroy the natural balance of gases in the world
[正确答案]B
[您的答案]A
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试题解析:
推断题。文章第匹l段第三句指出，一些支持燃烧石油和煤的组织想要增加大气中二氧化碳的含量，他们反对国际上为控制二氧化碳所做的努力，由此推断，他们反对控制二氧化碳的原因是他们想更多地使用那些可能释放二氧化碳的燃料，所以B正确。由第五段第二句可知，一些组织甚至认为二氧化碳的增加会促进植物生长，但这并非他们反对控制二氧化碳的 原因，故排除干扰项A。
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4Those studies carried out in North Carolina suggest that ______.
A. trees' function for absorbing carbon dioxide is limited
B. carbon dioxide is the main cause for global warming
C. leaves falling from trees can emit more oxygen
D. carbon dioxide is beneficial for trees' growth for many decades
A. trees' function for absorbing carbon dioxide is limited
B. carbon dioxide is the main cause for global warming
C. leaves falling from trees can emit more oxygen
D. carbon dioxide is beneficial for trees' growth for many decades
[正确答案]A
[您的答案]A
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试题解析:
推断题。文章倒数第二段指出，最近在北卡罗来纳州进行的一项研究发现，空气中二氧化碳的增多能促进树木加速生长，但研究人员还发现这种功效只能持续三年，由此推断，尽管树木可以吸收二氧化碳，但这种吸收功能是有限的，所以A正确。
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5The word "issue" (Line 1, Para. 7) can be replaced by ______.
A. organ
B. topic
C. publication
D. result
A. organ
B. topic
C. publication
D. result
[正确答案]B
[您的答案]B
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试题解析:
语义题。被考查词所在句意为“大气中气体的自然平衡是一个复杂的科学 ______”，再结合之后提到的关于二氧化碳的争论可知，气体的自然平衡应该是一个科学论题，所以B正确。A(器官)、C(出版物)、D(结果)均不符 合句意。
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Passage Two
The high-tech revolution has inspired a seemingly endless stream of new and exciting electronic products that we just can't live without. In fact, the dizzying speed of technological innovation can make last year's must this year's junk.
And that's the problem. The average life span at personal computer has shrunk to around 19 months--and this has nothing to do with worn-out mice or damaged disk drives. Simply p
The high-tech revolution has inspired a seemingly endless stream of new and exciting electronic products that we just can't live without. In fact, the dizzying speed of technological innovation can make last year's must this year's junk.
And that's the problem. The average life span at personal computer has shrunk to around 19 months--and this has nothing to do with worn-out mice or damaged disk drives. Simply p
ut, electronic products can become obsolete before you've even figured out how they work.
So what happens to all those old keyboards, monitors, organizers and CPUs? Most are stashed away in the attic or forgotten in a corporate warehouse, taking up valuable space. But many end up in landfills, and that is where the trouble really begins.
Computer monitors can contain up to 3.5 kg of lead and can actually be considered hazardous waste once they are no longer in use. Circuit boards in electronic products contain cadmium(镉), chromium(铬) and mercury, all of which are toxic substances that can leach into groundwater if left in a landfill.
Unfortunately, this disposal problem is not going to disappear anytime soon--in fact, it is growing by the minute. In Japan alone, consumers throw away some 20 million TVs, washing machines, refrigerators and air conditioners each year. In Europe, 6 million metric tons of electrical and electronic equipment were generated in 1998 alone, and that volume is expected to increase three to five percent per year--which means by 2010 it could nearly double.
What's to be done with all this techno-trash?
So what happens to all those old keyboards, monitors, organizers and CPUs? Most are stashed away in the attic or forgotten in a corporate warehouse, taking up valuable space. But many end up in landfills, and that is where the trouble really begins.
Computer monitors can contain up to 3.5 kg of lead and can actually be considered hazardous waste once they are no longer in use. Circuit boards in electronic products contain cadmium(镉), chromium(铬) and mercury, all of which are toxic substances that can leach into groundwater if left in a landfill.
Unfortunately, this disposal problem is not going to disappear anytime soon--in fact, it is growing by the minute. In Japan alone, consumers throw away some 20 million TVs, washing machines, refrigerators and air conditioners each year. In Europe, 6 million metric tons of electrical and electronic equipment were generated in 1998 alone, and that volume is expected to increase three to five percent per year--which means by 2010 it could nearly double.
What's to be done with all this techno-trash?
Electronics manufacturers are working hard to answer this question. The European Commission has proposed a directive that would require all electronics manufacturers to take back and properly dispose of all electronic products, regardless of their age. The details are still being ironed out, but some version of the directive will most probably become law in the next few years. Similar legislation is in the work in the U.S. and has already passed in Japan.
As the costs of such programs could quickly become prohibitive, companies are searching for new ways of tackling disposal issues before they become a problem.
One way to reduce waste is to avoid throwing thing in the first place. Many companies reuse parts from old products in new models. This is not cheating--it makes both environmental and economic sense.
As the costs of such programs could quickly become prohibitive, companies are searching for new ways of tackling disposal issues before they become a problem.
One way to reduce waste is to avoid throwing thing in the first place. Many companies reuse parts from old products in new models. This is not cheating--it makes both environmental and economic sense.
6The author mainly intends to address ______.
A. the issue of technological innovations
B. the necessity of updating computer hardware
C. the conservation of natural resources
A. the issue of technological innovations
B. the necessity of updating computer hardware
C. the conservation of natural resources
D. the disposal problem of electronic products
[正确答案]D
[您的答案]
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试题解析:
主旨题。文章第一段指出，科技的飞速发展使得去年的必需品成为今年的垃圾；接下来的儿段介绍了电子垃圾可能造成的危害；第五段指出，垃圾处理面临的问题不会马上消失；最后几段介绍了应该如何处理电子垃圾。综合可知，本文主要讨论了电子产品的处理问题，所以D正确。
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7Computer monitors disposed will pose a danger to environment ______.
A. if buried in landfills
A. if buried in landfills
B. when put away in warehouses
C. once no longer in use
D. unless stashed with other appliances
C. once no longer in use
D. unless stashed with other appliances
[正确答案]A
[您的答案]
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试题解析:
推断题。文章第三段最后一句指出，许多旧键盘、显示器、中央处理器等都 被埋在了垃圾掩埋场，而那就是麻烦开始的地方；第四段第一句指出，电脑显示器中含有多达3.5千克的铅，如果不再使用实际上就是危险废品，而由 常识可知，铅会对环境造成危害。由此推断，如果采用垃圾掩埋法来处理电脑显示器，其中的铅就会对环境造成危害，所以A正确。
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