题型有：1. DICTATION
PART I DICTATION (15 MIN)Directions: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minute
1．
正确答案： Carbon Footprint Whenever we burn fossil fuels such as petrol, gas and coal, to support our lifestyle, / carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. / A carbon footprint i
s a measure of carbon dioxide emissions / that result from various activities of an individual during a given time period. / It is the total amount of carbon dioxide that your lifestyle produces. / It indicates your impact on the environment through carbon dioxide emissions. / Environmental issues such as global warming / are also linked to carbon dioxide emissions. / Modern lifestyle demands the usage of fossil fuels for transport, electricity and other purposes. / For instance, driving a car burns fuel, which in turn releases carbon dioxide. / All these factors are taken into consideration / when calculating the carbon footprint of an individual. / The utmost priority of every individual should be to take preventive steps / to decrease the impact of carbon dioxide emissions on the environment, / so that the generation to come will be able to lead a healthy life. 涉及知识点：听写
2．
正确答案： The American Health Care System The US is one of the few industrialized countries / that do not have a centralized health insurance system. / Develop
ment of a universal health care program in the US may be difficult / because taxes are too low to finance it. / But the federal government has become more involved in all aspects of health care. / Health insurance plans are widely various, / but most Americans depend on employer-sponsored health insurance. / Health maintenance organizations are becoming popular, / and many companies have carried out their own programs to insure employees. / The government has provided supplementary health care for those / who do not have access to private health insurance by the establishment of Medicare and Medicaid. / Seventeen percent of the non-elderly population is uninsured, / and has severely limited access to health care. / The government is increasingly burdened by the health care crisis, / and needs to become involved in health care policy-making on the federal level. 涉及知识点：听写
3．
正确答案： The Giant Panda The giant panda has a very distinctive black-and-white c
oat, / and adults measure around 1. 5 meters long and around 75 centimeters tall at the shoulder. / Males and females can weigh up respectively to 253 pounds and 220 pounds. / Giant pandas live in mountainous regions, such as Sichuan, Gansu and Tibet. / And the panda has also become an informal national emblem for China, / and its image is found on many Chinese gold coins. / Despite being a type of animal living on meat, / the panda’s diet is primarily plants, / which almost exclusively consist of bamboo. / This is an evolutionarily recent adaptation. / However, pandas lack a proper chemical substance to digest bamboo efficiently, / and thus derive little energy and protein from it. / Now what worries us most is that giant pandas are an endangered species, / threatened by continued habitat loss and by a very low birthrate, / both in the wild and in the zoo. 涉及知识点：听写
4．
正确答案：Hurricanes Warm water and moist, warm air are two main factors / that are responsible for causing hurricane storms. / Hurricanes occur when the moist, warm air from
the surface of the ocean rises and meets the cooler air. / There is also release of hidden heat due to cooling process, / which increases the temperature of the cooler air above. / In the cycle, more warm, humid air rises and joins the developing storm. / Hence, there is a transfer of heat from the surface of the ocean to the atmosphere above. / As the cycle of exchanging heat continues, a wind pattern is created / that moves in a twisting fashion around a calm center, / which is called as the hurricane eye. / The increased circulation of warm, humid air enhances the speed of wind. / Another factor that increases the speed of wind / is high-pressure air at high altitude. / As this high-pressure air moves to the center and meets the low-pressure air, / the wind speed again increases. 涉及知识点：听写
5．
正确答案： Can Men Handle Alcohol Better than Women? Some men boast that they can handle alcohol better than women. / Can there be some truth to that? / The average weight difference between women and men / is one reason why women tend to ge
t drunk faster, / but there’s more. / Women also tend to have more fat and less muscle than men, even tall women. / This is significant because muscle tissue contains more water than fat does, / and alcohol dissolves in water and thus is thinned. / With about ten percent more water in their bodies than women, / men can drink more alcohol than women before becoming drunk. / In fact, studies show that women suffer worse after drinking than men too. / Men tend to experience more sweating and throwing up as a result of drinking. / But overall, women suffer from more exhaustion and headaches. / More researches are needed to determine for certain / why women四级听力’s after effect of drinking is worse. 涉及知识点：听写
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