大学英语B级统考之语法概要
大学英语B级统考之语法部分主要涉及到连接词、动词形式与时态、主谓语一致、虚拟语气等内容,为方便考生对语法知识的复习,现将考试当中重点涉及的内容总结如下:
(一)名词
A. 知识要点
名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单、复数之分。
1.不可数名词只用单数形式。如果要表示数量多少,需在其前面加量词来表达。如:a piece of news(一条新闻);two pieces of advice(两条建议)
2.名词所有格的构成是名词加“’s”,如:Mary’s room;如原词已有复数词尾-s,则只加“’”,如:the students’ hall, 通常用于有生命的存在物的名词;名词所有格也可以由介词of加名词构成,通常用于无生命的存在物的名词, 如:the window of the classroom.
B.例题讲解
What a beautiful house! Especially there are many ______.
A. furniture B. furnitures C. pieces of furniture D. pieces of furnitures
解析:此题考查名词的单复数。Furniture 为不可数名词,后面不能加s。很多家具用many pieces of furniture,因此答案为C。
(二)冠词
A. 知识要点
冠词是一种虚词,用在名词前面,说明名词是特指还是泛指。冠词分不定冠词和定冠词。
1. 不定冠词: a / an表示“一”、“某一”概念,用于单数可数名词前。a用在辅音开头的词前,an用在元音开头的词前。如:
an English teacher/ 英语b级考试技巧a second year一位老师/又一年;
2. 定冠词:the表示“特指的一个或一些”。通常用在形容词最高级及序数词前,或世界上独一无二的事物前;也用于乐器名词前。如:
the best season最好的季节/the first lady第一夫人/the earth 地球/play the piano 弹钢琴;
3. 不使用冠词的情况:在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐活动的名称之前。在某些惯用词中也不用冠词,以具体名词表示抽象概念。 如:
have lunch吃午饭/ play basketball打篮球/ go to school上学
B.例题讲解
1)______ girl dressed ______ black is her sister Rose. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 34)
A. A; in B. A; on C. The; on D. The; in
解析:D。介词in可表示“穿(戴)”的意思。此外,特指“穿黑衣服的女孩”,用定冠词the.
2)He is fond of playing _______ piano while his brother is interested in listening to _______ music. (《大学英语》(B)Test 5, 36)
A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the
解析:C。演奏的乐器名词前+the。Music为不可数名词,其前不可用a/an,而题意“对音乐感兴趣”并没有特指哪种音乐,也不可用the.
3)He goes to ______ church every Sunday. ______ church he usually goes to has seating for over a thousand.
A. a, the B. /, The C. The, the D. /, a
解析:B。go to church“做礼拜”是惯用法,不用冠词。“他常去的教堂”表特指,前加the。
(三)代词
代词用于指代。包括:人称、物主、反身、疑问、不定代词等。
1.many, few和a few一般只能修饰或指代可数名词,much, little和a little 一般只能修饰或指代不可数名词。a few 和a little表示“有一些”,具有肯定意义,而few和little表示“几乎没有”,具有否定意义。many和much表示“许多”。
2.表示“全部”:两者用both,三者以上用all;
表示“全无”:两者用neither,三者以上用none或no one;
表示“任一”:两者用either,三者以上用any。
3.other, others, the other, the others, another的区别
(1)other作形容词修饰名词,泛指“别的、其他的”。有时会放在some, any, every, no等词之后。e.g. We study Chinese, maths, English and other lessons.
(2)others是代词,泛指“其他人或物”。如:I'm glad to help others.
(3)the other特指范围内的另一个(范围内一共两个)。One……the other
e.g. I have two friends. One is from Australia, the other is from Japan.
(4)the others特指范围内的另一些(范围总数通常多于两个)。
e.g. There are forty students in our class. Twenty-eight of us are boys, the others are girls.
(5)another指同类中(三个或三个以上)的“另一个”,是指其中不确定的另一个。
e.g. Would you like another cup of coffee?
B.例题讲解
1)The baby is hungry, but there’s ______ milk in the bottle. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 28)
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
解析:A。milk是不可数名词,所以只能用little/a little修饰,而根据题意“宝宝饿了,但瓶里几乎没有牛奶了”,只能选little。
2)She has two best friends. ______ of them is in the country. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 44)
A. All B. Both C. No one D. Neither
解析:D。代词all表“所有”和both表“两者都”,其后的谓语动词需要用复数。neither表“两者都不”,其后的谓语动词用单数。
3)—It’s time to tidy your room, Harry! (《大学英语》(B)Test 5, 33)
—See the tidy room, Mum! _______ is where it should be. Test 5
A. Something B. Anything C. Everything D. Nothing
解析:C。根据说话人所说内容可以知道,房间里一切都很整洁,含有整体性,应用everything。Anything主要用于疑问句和否定句中。
4)The red flower goes from one to _______ in the class. (《大学英语》(B)Test 6, 27)
A. the other B. others C. another D. other
解析:C。按照句意传花不是两者之间(from one to the other),而是三者以上(from one to another),故选C。
(四)数词
A. 知识要点
数词分为两大类:基数词和序数词。
1.基数次表示数量(one, two, three…),序数次表示次序(first, second, third…)。
2.数词hundred, thousand, million不用复数;其“复数+of”可表示数百、数千、数百万,如:three thousand 三千/ thousands of trees(数千棵树)
3.在表达年龄时,注意以下表达法:
He is six years old.(其中year须用其复数)
He is a six-year-old boy.(其中year不用复数)“他6岁了。”横线连接时不需要在其后加“s”。
B.例题讲解
1)They have learned about ______ in recent years. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 37)
A. several hundreds English words B. hundreds of English words
C. hundred of English words D. several hundred English word
解析:B。hundreds of 之类的短语之前也可加many,several之类的词修饰。A项的错误在于hundreds后缺少of。
2)Nancy is ______ girl. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 29)
A. a eighteen-year-old B. an eighteen-years-old
C. a eighteen-years-old D. an eighteen-year-old
解析:D。eighteen-year-old是一个由连字符连接的复合形容词(其中year不用复数),作girl的定语。同时,由于eighteen是元音开头的词,前面的不定冠词用an。
(五)形容词和副词的原级、比较级与最高级
A. 知识要点
1.比较级和最高级的构成形式
(1)绝大多数单音节和部分双音节词后加-er构成比较级,加-est构成最高级。如:
nice – nicer – nicest
(2)大部分双音节词和所有的多音节词,前面加more构成比较级,加the most 构成最高
级。如:careful-more careful-most careful
2.形容词和副词的应用
(1)同等程度比较:
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