摘要
摘要
《韩非子·五蠹》中说，“世异则事异，事异则备变”，“事因于世，而备适于事”。这句话的含义是所有的事物都会跟随社会的变化而变化，应根据当前社会情况制定符合实际的措施。每一历史阶段，社会经济和科学技术都在发生着日新月异地变化，深刻地影响着人们的生活方式，只有通过不断完善制度建设等诸多内容才能更好地应对社会发展随之带来的问题。信息已成为当今社会不可或缺的资源，并且随着国际网络与通讯技术的蓬勃发展，只要轻轻地移动鼠标，便可“一指行天下”的趋势使我们所处的环境被各种海量信息所包围。企业通过信息的快速分析与传递对顾客消费行为的改变进行观察，从而更为精准的了解目前的消费现状，以及预测消费者未来可能的发展动向，借以调整公司的行销策略，达到促销活动的实际效果。但是这种接近未卜先知的行为，听起来似乎贴心，细究之下却是消费者牺牲自己的个人信息换来的骇人结果，如报考考生经常接到培训机构打来的招生电话，储户总会接到理财机构打来的投咨咨询，致使所有人的各种行为都可以被精准预测，日渐变为“透明体”。近几年来，人们通过网络进行通讯沟通、交友社交、交易购物、游戏娱乐、各类媒体的收看（听）、发表意见与出版以及与政府机关的接洽等在虚拟空间上的活动日益频繁，网络信息社会初步成型，这也使得个人信息的收集、处理与利用较以往更为容易，新兴的犯罪问题也伴随而生。个人信息不仅是从事电子商务的信用基础，甚至被不法分子当作具备财产价值的“商品”，不仅用作商业竞争，甚至成为犯罪的工具或媒介，对公民的人身和财产安全构成了严重的威胁，极大
地破坏了国家对于信息管理的保护以及社会秩序的稳定发展。因此，个人信息保护成为法律学界最值得重视的议题之一。
2009年12月2日我国杭州地区首次以《刑法修正案（七）》新增罪名“非法获取公民个人信息罪”逮捕犯罪嫌疑人崔某，并循线查出集团横行肆虐多年的主要原因，使个人信息保护问题愈发浮出水面，一跃成为社会最为重视的热点问题之一。这些被泄漏的个人信息，除了使消费者受到行销干扰的梦魇外，还会沦为分子的犯罪工具，社会生活中几乎每个人都曾接到集团的电话、邮件或者短信，致使其中不少受害人损失严重，让人不得不正视个人
摘要
信息泄漏问题的严重性。从法学研究的层面来讲，法律是一门实践的社会学科，作为法律人的我们要特别关注社会动态，进行深刻地分析与探讨。值得我们关注的是，2015年全国人大常委会通过的《刑法修正案（九）》中对侵犯公民个人信息犯罪作了进一步的修改与完善，虽然此罪的刑法规制得到了充实，但在司法实践中似乎欠缺强有力的执行实效，致使我国个人信息泄漏及其衍生的犯罪问题更为严重。因此，本文针对侵犯公民个人信息犯罪的相关问题进行综合分析研究，运用语义分析、文献归纳、比较研究、实证案例等方法剖析刑法语境下公民个人信息的含义，理顺各相关概念之间存在的联系与差异，对我国公民个人信息所具备的法律属性进行分析，结合司法实务说明我国个人信息保护的理论基础及现实
必要性。以犯罪构成刑法理论体系为切入点阐释我国现行刑法对公民个人信息的规范，着重论述行为方式、犯罪对象等犯罪客观方面的内容，并分析目前我国刑法对个人信息保护存在的不足之处，归纳总结域外国家及地区的相关立法经验并从中得到启示，为我国构建宽严相济的公民个人信息犯罪刑罚体系提出可操作性妥当建议。
关键字:
个人信息，刑法保护，立法不足，完善建议
Abstract
Abstract
In Five Emphasizes, by Han Feizi, th ere is a saying,” the world alters, and the thing goes with it; the thing changes and the preparation for the changes should be available”, “the thing goes with the world and the preparation should be ready for a certain thing. On account of the rapid development in the economic and human technology at each historical stage, it has brought the profound influence and enlightenment for human social life, the system construction, and many other areas. Information has become an indispensable resource in current society, and it goes with the vigorous development of the
international network and communication technology. Just a gently click on the mouse, you can reach the whole world. The trend has enabled all kinds of huge amounts of information filled in our surroundings. Through observing rapid analysis and transferring of information reacting on consumer behaviors changes, we have the opportunity to accurately understand the present consuming status. Moreover, a predict on consumer developing tendency in the future could help enterprises to adjust the company's marketing strategy, to achieve the actual effect of sales promotion. It is more like a prophecy behavior. It sounds sweet, however it is because the customers sacrifice their personal information for the shocking results. For example, the examination candidates often received calls from admissions training institutions; depositors will always got a call from the financial institutions for clients. They make person's actions accurately predicted and increas ingly become a “transparent body”. In recent years, people could communicate, make friends, reach trades, create entertainments, watch all kinds of media, comment and publish, and contact with government authorities via network. Laying on the virtual space, these activities have been more frequent, and contribute to the preliminary forming of a network information society. It also makes the personal information collection, processing and utilization more easily than ever before and thus the emerging crime is rising. Personal information is not only engaged in the necessary electronic paraphernalia for generate benefits. They could even be regarded
Abstract
by criminals as "goods" with property value, and used for enhancing commercial competition, and further to reduce to a crime tool or medium, posing a serious threat for citizens' personal and property security. They could damage the protection from the country on information management and the stable development of the social order. Therefore, the personal information protection become one of the most worthy issues in the field of law.
In Hangzhou, China has for the first time arrested the suspect Mr Cui with the new additional charges "the crime of illegal obtaining citizens' personal information" according to the Criminal Law Amendment IX. It has helped to detect the main reason why the fraud group has waged so many years, resulting in the emerging of the personal information protection problems and becoming one of the most importance hot social issues. These personal information infringement cases could make consumers disturbed by marketing's nightmare, and also become a fraud tool to make almost everyone of the whole country experienced receiving fraud group telephone calls, E-mails or text messages, which caused a lot of serious loss of victim. It has displayed the significance to positively face up to the personal information leakage. From the perspective of jurisprudence, the law is a practice of social science, and people in the field of law should lay special attention to current specific problems happeni
侵害公民个人信息ng in the social with deeply analysis and discussion. It is worth noting that Criminal Law Amendment IX, approved by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in 2015, has made further revision for the crime of citizens' personal information infringement and perfect the crime of criminal law regulation, but it seems to lack for powerful execution effect, leading to the more serious condition for our country personal information leakage and even its derivative crime problems. Therefore, this paper utilizes semantic analysis, literature induction, comparative study, empirical methods to display the comprehensive analysis and research on the relevant crime issues of citizens' personal information infringement. I will clearly define the context of the concept of citizens' personal information in the criminal law, clarify the distinction between related concepts, and analyzes the legal attribute of citizens’ personal information. Besides I will explain the theoretical basis and realistic necessity of personal information protection in China combining with the
Abstract
judicial practice. The paper will interpret the existing criminal law norm on citizens' personal information from the crime constitution theory system and it will focus on the behavior ways, the criminal targets and related crime objective aspects. It will also analyze the existing deficiency in current criminal law to protect personal information in our country, summarize the relevant legislative e
xperience and enlightenment of other countries and regions, and put forward feasible suggestions for our country to build citizens personal information crime punishment system combining punishment with leniency.
Key Word:
Personal Information, Criminal Law Protection, Legislation Deficiency, Perfecting suggestion