【中文摘要】人为因素(Human Factor)是诱发航空事故的主要因素,这已是世界民航界不争的事实。从民用航空发展三个的阶段来看:“航空发展早期,技术因素是导致飞行事故的主要原因;第二阶段成长期,随着技术进步、设备可靠性增加,技术因素引发的飞行事故大大减少:第三阶段发展期,人们不断以新的技术对民用航空安全加以改善,早期引发飞行事故高达8O%的技术因素已逐步降到2O%,而人为因素却从2O%提升到8O%。”人为因素将是较长时期内影响民用航空安全的关键因素。因此,设法解决人的因素和预防人为差错HE(Human Error)将成为进一步降低飞行事故率、提高飞行安全水平的重要途径。随着民用航空运输业的迅猛发展和空中交通流量的不断增长,作为民航运输系统中三大安全支柱的空中交通管制ATM(Air Traffic Management),正面临着越来越大的空管保障和安全运行的压力,空管系统潜在的运行风险逐步增大。而空中交通管制员ATCO(Air Traffic Controller)人为差错就是影响空管系统安全的主要因素,也是空管系统多年来存在的顽症。从安全管理的角度看,管制员人为差错的问题是由于管制员在提供空中交通管制服务ATS(Air Traffic Control Service)过程中人为表现不佳引起的,属于人为因素差错。在当今的空中交通管制系统中,随着科学技术的进步机械的可靠性得到显著提高,人为因素就是系统中最薄弱的一个环节,因而必须采取有效的措施来减少人为差错及其影响。空中交通管制
中人为因素差错研究的是管制员与系统之间多种方式的相互作用,这有助于揭示出某一事件的主要影响因素,究竟是系统还是管制员;改善系统的安全性,防范可能出现的不安全事件。本论文通过对近五年来中国空管系统内所发生的航空运输的特点67不安全事件分析,研究了空中交通管制员人为因素差错的统计规律。利用人为因素理论从空中交通管制员的工作流程、空管自动化、空管班组资源管理等几个方面剖析了我国空管工作中人为因素方面所存在的安全隐患,并综合考虑软硬件设备和人的生理、心理特点等因素,详细地分析了空中交通管制员人为差错产生的促成因素,同时结合空管工作实际,并提出了针对当前我国空管人为因素问题的对策。本论文还通过研究与人构成界面的各要素之间的关系,人自身的优势和局限,以寻求各要素与管制员的最佳匹配,使空管系统的整体效益达到最佳,从而保证空管安全,防止空管不安全事件的发生。
【英文摘要】HF (Human Factor) is the main factor inducing civil aviation accidents, which is an undisputed fact in the world’s aviation field. Viewing the three stages of the development of civil aviation of the world : the early start-up, technical factors are the main cause of air accidents; the second phase of growth, as technology advances, equipment reliability increases, flight accidents caused by technical factors significantly reduced: The third phase of the development period, people are constantly with new technology to impro
ve the safety of civil aviation, flight accident early lead up to 80% of the technical factors have been gradually reduced to 20%, while the human factor raised from 20% to 80%.Human factor will be the impact of a longer period of time a key factor for civil aviation safety. Therefore, to address human factors and prevention of HE (Human Error) will be further reduced flight accident rate and improve the level of flight safety an important way.With the rapid development of civil aviation and air transport traffic’s growth,as one of three security pillars of the air transportation system ,the ATM (Air Traffic Management) is facing increasing pressure of security and efficiency within air traffic control operation, the potential operational risks in air traffic control system gradually increases .The errors made by ATCO (Air Traffic Controller) is the main part of human error in air traffic control system, which also is the existence of chronic disease in air traffic control system over the years .From the safety management point of view, the controller’s error is due to the controller’s bad performance in providing ATS (Air Traffic Control Service) ,which belongs to human error. In air traffic control systems, human error is a potential weak link, and therefore must take effective measures to reduce human error and the influence.By listing 67 insecurity ev
ents in the China’s air traffic control department within the past five years, this paper describes the air traffic controllers the statistical laws of human factors issues .Using human factors theory from the air traffic controller’s work flow, air traffic control system automation, team resource management,this paper analyses several potential security risks of ATC human factors exist. Considering the hardware and software equipment and the physical characteristics and other factors, it analysis the root causes of human errors maded by the air traffic controllers. Combined with the actual air traffic control work in details, it proposed the solution to the current issue of human factors in the ATC process.
发布评论