大学英语四级-187
(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)
Translation
1. 
我们的身体夜晚需要休息，白天需要清醒。大多数人每晚需要8到8.5个小时的睡眠才能正常运转。到更多的时间、更好的睡眠方法可能是个挑战。科学家已经确认了80多种不同的睡眠紊乱症(sleep disorders)。有些睡眠紊乱症是遗传的。但是，许多睡眠紊乱症是由于熬夜、经常跨时区旅行以及上夜班引起的。
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Our bodies want to sleep at night and he awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives. Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleeping disorders are genetic. But many problems are caused by staying up late and by traveling frequently between time zones or by working nights.
2. 
长期以来，京剧界面临的一个重要问题就是如何让更多人尤其是年轻人认识京剧、了解京剧，喜爱京剧。高速发展的现代社会为人们带来了更多娱乐选择，在电影、电视、网络等冲击下，年轻一代大多数没有意愿也少有机会真正感受京剧的魅力。现有的京剧专家很多已步人中老年，不擅长用年轻人喜欢的语言和方式与他们沟通；而年轻一代中又极少有人既懂得京剧又愿意花费时间和精力去介绍京剧。
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For a long time, a serious problem Peking Opera has been facing is how to get more people, especially the young generations, to know about, to understand, and to be keen on Peking Opera. The modern society, which is developing fast, has brought people more options for recreation. Under the impacts of movies, TV shows, Internet, etc., most of the young generations show no interest or scarcely have any opportunity to truly feel the charm of Peking Opera. Many of the Peking Opera masters have entered middle or old age, and they are not good at communicating with the young people in the languages or ways they like. Among the young generations, there are few people who have a good understanding of Peking Opera and are willing to spend time and efforts introducing it.
3. 
毛笔，是一种源于中国的传统书写工具，也逐渐成为传统绘画工具。毛笔是汉族人民在生产实践中发明的。随着人类社会的不断发展，勤劳智慧的汉民族又不断地总结经验，存其精华，弃其糟粕，勇于探索，敢于创新。几千年以来，它为创造汉族民族光辉灿烂的文化，为英语四级各题分值
促进汉民族与世界各族的文化交流，做出了卓越的贡献。毛笔是汉民族对世界艺术宝库提供的一件珍宝。
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Writing brush, a traditional writing tool originated from China, has also gradually become a traditional painting tool. Writing brush was invented by the Han people during their production practice. With the constant development of human society, the diligent and intelligent Han people kept summing up the experience. Discarding the dross while assimilating the essence, they strive to explore and blaze new trails. Over thousands of years, writing brush has made great contribution to creating the splendid culture of the Han people and to promoting the cultural exchange between people of all nationalities and the Han people. Writing brush is a treasure that the Han people have provided for the world"s arts treasure house.
4. 
植物学(botany)，研究植物的学问，在人类的知识历史上占有特殊的地位。近千年来，人类对于许多领域的知识仅有非常模糊的了解，只有植物学，人类对其了解还比较深入。植物是所有生物，甚至包括其他植物的食物金字塔的基础。一直以来，植物对人类的幸福安康就发挥着举足轻重的作用，不仅因为植物可以吃，还因为它们可以用来制作衣服、武器、工具、燃料、药品、住房，以及其他许多用途。