各类作文结构
四级作文主要涉及两个方面:一是与学生学习、生活相关的话题;二是与人们生活息息相关以及有关社会发展变化的热点话题。从体裁来看,四级作文主要以议论文和说明文为主,主要包括图表阐释类、说明现象类、对策方法类、对比分析类和观点论证类,叙事类和应用文。
1.图表阐释类作文结构
图表阐释类作文一般需要考生描述图表或图画中的数据或画面,解释这些数据或画面反映出的裱花、现象或问题,并对其产生的原因、影响或存在的问题进行分析说明。例:
Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Do Athletes and entertainers Deserve Such High Salaries?. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the chart and the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.对表格内容进行描述
2.说明出现这种现象的原因
3.你的观点
下图为2007年福布斯中国名人榜部分收入排名
被感情伤得太深的网名天天向上矢野浩二下跪
姓名
姚明
刘翔
巩俐
刘嘉玲
胡军
余华
职业
运动员
运动员
演员
演员
演员
作家
排名
1
4
5
8
9
96
结构公式陈列
第一段 概述图表
1.From the chart/graph/table/picture, we clearly learn that总述现象、变化或问题。
2.图表中初期的数据或情况。3.However, 图表中数据或情况的变化。
第一段 概述图表
1.主题句:概括图表所反映的总体现象、变化或问题。
2.扩展句一:概述图表中显示的初期的数据或情况
3.扩展句三:概述图表中数据或情况的变化
第二段 说明原因
4.The following reasons can account for现象、变化或问题。5.First of all/ To begin with,第一点原因。6. What is more/Moreover,第二点原因。7.In addition/Besides第三点原因。
第二段 说明原因
4.主题句:引出下文对原因的说明。
5.扩展句一:说明第一点原因。
6.扩展句二:说明第二点原因。
7.扩展句三:说明第三点原因。
第三段 说明影响、问题或表达观点
8.From my point of view/As for me, 我“的思考或看法。9.可能的影响、问题或注意事项一。10.Besides,可能的影响、问题或注意事项。11. Therefore/To conclude,作出总结。
第三段 说明影响、问题或表达观点
8.主题句:“我”的思考或看法。
9.扩展句一:第一点影响、问题或注意事项
10.扩展句二:第二点影响、问题或注意事项
11.结尾句:经常是提出建议或作出展望。
参考范文
Do Athletes and entertainers Deserve Such High Salaries?
From the chart above we can see that athletes and entertainers earn much more than writers. Yao Ming, as the most famous basketball star, is the richest while the famous writer Yu Hua has lagged far behind.
The major reason for this phenomenon is that athletes and entertainers get more attention from the public than the writers, and by taking advantages of their fames they can earn money through ads very easily. As we know, writers cannot be more popular than sports or movie stars.
Mayve some people think that this is unfair, for in their opinion, scholars should earn more than stars. But I dont think so. First, the stars salary is just an indication of their hard work and fierce competition; and whats more, the stars splendid career is rather short and many of them have to retire even before their thirties. Finally, the stars bring us so much pleasure and fun, and release us form stressful life. To sum up, they indeed deserve what they have got.
点评
这是一篇图表作文题。文章第一段描述表格,得出结论:体育、娱乐明星收入远远超过作家。
第二段具体分析了产生这种现象的原因。注意The reason for sth. 教师个人简历范文Is that 结构,用来陈述原因。
第三段进行总结,说明明星获得高收入的原因,指出他们对此当之无愧。
阚清子纪凌尘注意连接词First, whatmore, Finally,To sum up的使用,使得文章结构更加紧凑,行文流畅。
附:图表类型作文开头描述句型
1. As is indicated/ revealed/ showed in the above graph, there have been some obvious changes in….
2. The above bar chart clearly shows us…
3. As can be seen from the graph/ chart above, it shows the general trend in
图画类:全英文提示+图片
例题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of learning basic skills. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
                 
         
第一段:图画描述(细节描写)  (背诵图片描述通用句型)
这是题目中明确要求的(a brief description of the picture),所以你不描绘图画,或者是图画信息不全,扣分。描述的时候,你要把学生提问的那句话写出来,把老师教课的动作写出来,以及老师听到学生挑衅性的提问之后的表情,也要写出来。图片描述通用句型如下:
1.As is vividly depicted in the cartoon given above, we can observe that…
2.The scene drawn in the above picture is that
3.The picture symbolically illustrates that
第二步:分析原因或利弊等(提炼图画的内涵)(一、二、三列举原因)
孩子对老师教的知识,确切地说,是对老师教授的基本知识、非实用性知识的一种质疑。所以,你可以在第二段分析一下原因:为什么学生,也就是现代人的代言,对这种不能马上用于工作的、带来回报的、理论性的基础指示和技能不懈?
第三步:重申主题的重要性和做法(总结和启发)(呼吁并列举一至两点重要性)
分析完了原因之后,你要回到主题,那就是我们不能忽视这些基本技能,要唤起大家对“基本技能的重要性”的认识。所以,这一段,你可以正面阐述为什么basic skills 如此的重要,就可以了。
范文
如何扎好看的头发第一段 描述图片
As is vividly depicted in the cartoon given above, we can observe that there are many students sitting in a classroom. When listening to the teacher, one of the students just interrupts the teacher and says “No offense, but by the time we’re in the job market, won’t that stuff be outdated?” Having heard this question, the teacher stops demonstrating the Multiplication Table and seems to be quite shocked and embarrassed   
第一段 描述现象
注意:图类作文常用的开头句型
图片细节一学生在做什么(直接引用
图片中的话)
图片细节二老师的反应(动作、态度)
第二段 分析原因、利弊或重要性
The cartoon informs us of the phenomenon that quite a few students undervalue the importance of learning basic skills these days. Firstly, confronted with fiercer competition from society and employment market, students are more focused on practical skills which can be applied in daily work immediately. Moreover, they also fears that the basic knowledge and skills they learn today will be outdated by the time they are in the job market。 
第二段 分析原因
主题句:注意套用句型,引出学生的态度:
学习基本技能不重要。
原因一:竞争激烈
原因二:过时
第三段 重申主题的主要性、做法
However, no one can disclaim the importance of learning basic skills. On one hand, it enables us to lay a strong foundation for further learning and exploration. In other words, those who have mastered basic skills well are more likely to acquire other skills and knowledge with ease. On the other hand, basic skills are equivalent to the first step of success, as an ancient Chinese saying goes, “ A road of thousand miles towards the success begins with the first step。”
第三段 总结评述
全素敏主题句:重申主题的重要性
重要性一:打下坚实基础
进一步解释前一句:
重要性二成功的第一步
谚语:千里之行始于足下
2.说明现象类作文结构
说明现象类作文一般是需要考生描述所给提纲中反映出的现象的总体情况,对该现象的原因、相关因素或影响进行解释说明,并分析该现象中可能存在的问题或将来的发展趋势。
例:Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic of The Celevration of Western Festivals. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.现在国内有不少人喜欢过西方的某些节日。
2.产生这种现象的原因。
3.这种现象可能带来的影响。
结构公式陈列
第一段描述现象
1. nowadays/In recent years, 概述现象。2. 现象表现。3.In addition/Also, 进一步描述现象表现或变化。
第一段描述现象
1.主题句:概括指出现象
2.扩展句一:现象的具体表现或变化
3.扩展句二:进一步说明现象的表现或变化
第二段说明原因
4. Many different reasons contribute to 该现象。/There are many different factors决定该现象。5. Among them, 第一点原因或因素play/plays a critical role. 6. Moreover,第二点原因或因素。7. Besides, 第三点原因或因素
或说明影响
4. 该现象has brought great influence on影响对象。5. firstly,第一点影响。6.secondly,第二点影响。7. Finally,第三点影响。
第二段说明原因
4.主题句:引出下文对原因的说明。
5.扩展句一:说明第一点原因
6.扩展句二:说明第二点原因
7.扩展句三:说明第三点原因
或说明影响
1.主题句:引出下文对影响的说明
2.扩展句一:说明第一点影响
3.扩展句二:说明第二点影响
4.扩展句三:说明第三点影响
第二段总结评述
8. In my opinion/As for me, 本人对现象的总结或述评。9.具体作出评述.10 进一步作出评述.11. 作出总结。
第三段 总结评述
5.主题句:可能现象的发展趋势或利或弊评述,或是本人对现象的看法。
6.扩展句一:具体评述
7.扩展句二:进一步评述
8.结尾句:总结全文(有时可以略去