非限制性定语从句
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 ，that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句
eg:
Her house,which was built a hundred years ago,stood still in the earthquake.
3. 在非限定性定语从句中，用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.
4.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
eg： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
5.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，
eg： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
总结：非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容，或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开，常常单独翻译。没有它，主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as，which，who， whom，whose等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有when，where等，作定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系副词在定
语从句中一般不能省。
注：why不能引导非限制定语从句
My success in business,the reason why he dislikes me（限制性）,has been due to hard work.
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句举例：
(1)The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could miss.
(2)China is a country which has a long history.
非限制性定语从句举例：
(1)His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
(2)China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别：
限制性定语从句 | 非限制性定语从句 | |
形式上 | 不用逗号和主句隔开 | 用逗号和主句隔开 |
意义上 | 是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除 | 是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整 |
译法上 | 翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…” | 通常翻译成主句的并列句 |
关系词的使用上 | A．做宾语时可省略 B、可用that C、可用who代替whom | A、不可省 B、不用that C、不用who代替whom |
要注意区分以下几个句子的不同
(1)His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）
(2)His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.
他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1)The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
=The school 限制性从句in which he once studied is very famous.
(2)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
=Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(3)We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
=We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
注意：1、有些动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1)This is the watch which/that I am looking for. （True)
(2)This is the watch for which I am looking. (False)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)
(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
(4) The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3、“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
简单归纳：介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键是判断介词的选择, 方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配), 再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断, 结合生活实际来判断.
关系代词as和which引导的定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that.
As一般放在句首，which在句中. As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1．as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
(1) He married her, as/which was natural.
(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.
2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；
which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思
(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. （主句之前）
(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent(口音). （主句之后）
(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.
(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.
注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which
(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3. 当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as
(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.
(2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week.
简单归纳: as ,which均可以引出非限制性定语从句, 如都指前一句话的意思,二者可以互换。
as 引导的从 句可以放在句首, as 本身有“正如…..，正像…”一类的含义，与之连用的词有know, see, expect, announce, point out等。此外,在the same…as…、such….as….中as引导的是限制性定语从句.
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