非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解,在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开,如若定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;.They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before. 他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。
非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间,其前后都需要用逗号隔开。
The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow . 太阳给予大地热,这就使植物的生长成为可能。
The old man has a son , who is in the army . 那位老人有一个儿子,他在部队工作。(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是:"这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句:"The old man has a son who is in the army . "那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么,限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来,句子所传达的信息就变成了:"这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作",也就是说可能老人还有其他的儿子在干别的工作)
在固定结构中使用as 例如:the same … as 、as … as
Chongqing is not the same city as we have seen in other places.
②引导非限定性定语从句的关系副词主要有:when,where。
注意:不能用that和those。作为关系代词的两种情况:①非限定性定语从句;②介词+关系代词
1. 引导限制性定语从句时,关系代词which可以与that互换;但引导非限制性定语从句时,只能用which。
例1.She heard a terrible noise, ______ frightened her.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
例2.She heard a terrible noise ______ frightened her.
A. that B. / C. what D. who
例1.She heard a terrible noise, ______ frightened her.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
例2.She heard a terrible noise ______ frightened her.
A. that B. / C. what D. who
解析: 例1意为:“她听到一个可怕的声音,这使她感到恐惧。”that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句,故选B。例2意为:“她听到了一个使她恐惧的可怕声音。”引导修饰noise的限制性定语从句可以用which或that来引导,故选A。
2. 先行词为reason时,限制性定语可以用why或for which来引导;非限制性定语从句则只能用for which来引导。
例3.I had told them the reason, ______ I didn’t attend the meeting.
A. for which B. at which C. for whom D. why
例4I had told them the reason ______ I didn’t attend the meeting.
A. when B. which C. why D. for that
解析: 例3意为:“我早已把理由告诉他们,于是我没有出席会议。”先行词为reason时,非限制性定语从句应用for which引导,故选A。例4意为:“我已经把为什么没有出席会议的原因告诉他们。”the 是常见搭配,答案为C。
A. when B. which C. why D. for that
解析: 例3意为:“我早已把理由告诉他们,于是我没有出席会议。”先行词为reason时,非限制性定语从句应用for which引导,故选A。例4意为:“我已经把为什么没有出席会议的原因告诉他们。”the 是常见搭配,答案为C。
3. 引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中担任宾语时可以被省略;但引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词即使作宾语也不能省略。
例5.He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother,______ he loved and respected as his own mother.
A. as B. which C. / D. whom
解析: 本句意为:“他急于去医院看望他的继母,他像对待亲生母亲一样孝敬她。”关系代词whom引导非限制性定语从句并作宾语,不能被省略,故选D。
A. as B. which C. / D. whom
解析: 本句意为:“他急于去医院看望他的继母,他像对待亲生母亲一样孝敬她。”关系代词whom引导非限制性定语从句并作宾语,不能被省略,故选D。
4.引导限制性定语从句时并作从句宾语的关系代词whom可以用who来代替;但在非限制性定语从句中,whom就不能用who替换。
例6. Do you know Tom, _____ we talked about?
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
例7.The American journalist ______ the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters. Which of the following is wrong?
A. who B. whom C. whose D. /
解析: 例6意为:“你认识汤姆吗? 我们谈到过他。”应选C。例7意为:“播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已遭歹徒杀害。下列哪一项是错误的?”关系代词作mentioned的宾语且指人时,可用who/whom/that,在限制性定语从句中可省略,故C是错的。
解析: 例6意为:“你认识汤姆吗? 我们谈到过他。”应选C。例7意为:“播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已遭歹徒杀害。下列哪一项是错误的?”关系代词作mentioned的宾语且指人时,可用who/whom/that,在限制性定语从句中可省略,故C是错的。
5.当非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时,其关系代词只能用as ,不能用which。此时非限制性定语从句可置于主句之前、之后或之中。
例8______ I expected, he didn’t believe me.
A. Which B. As C. That D. When
解析: 本句意为:“正如我所预料的那样,他不相信我的话。”非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句,应用as引导,故答案为B。
限制性从句A. Which B. As C. That D. When
解析: 本句意为:“正如我所预料的那样,他不相信我的话。”非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句,应用as引导,故答案为B。
例9.Mary was late for school,______ often happened.
A. as B. for which C. that D. why
解析: 本句意为:“玛丽上学迟到了,这是常有的事。”根据句意,关系代词as引导的非限
A. as B. for which C. that D. why
解析: 本句意为:“玛丽上学迟到了,这是常有的事。”根据句意,关系代词as引导的非限
制性定语从句修饰前面的主句,其位置非常灵活,故答案为A。
6. 由“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句,关系代词指代整个主句时,不能用as,只能用which。
例10.He bought the car for more than $20,000,______ his father was angry.
A. about that B. with as C. when D. with which
解析: 本句意为:“他花两万多美元买了这辆车,他父亲对此很生气。”which位于介词with的后面,指代前面的主句,故答案为D。
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