①指代对象 指代人主格 who 宾格 whom 所有格 of whom, whose
指代物 主格which, as 宾格 which, as 所有格which, of which, whose
②引导非限定性定语从句的关系副词主要有：when，where
as ,which均可以引出非限制性定语从句，,如都指前一句话的意思，二者可以互换。.as 引导的从句可以放在句首，as 本身有“正如„..正象„” 一类的含义。 与之连用的词有know， see， expect， announce， point out等。此外，在the same„as„ ， such„.as„.中as引导的是限制性定语从句。
1. The earth is round, _____we all know. D
A. that B. which C. who D. as
2. ______ was natural, he married Jenny. D
A. Which B. That C. This D. As
3. Such signs _____ we use in the experiment ______ Greek letters. A
A. as, are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is
4. I passed him a large glass of whisky, _____ he drank immediately. C
A. that B. as C. which D. who
5. She is very good at dance, ____ everybody knows. D
A. that B. which C. who D. as
6. It was raining, _____ was a pity. D
A. what B. that C. the which D. which
7. ______ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. D
A. Which B. What C. That D. As
8. We do the same work _____ they do. B
A. which B. as C. than D. like
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
区别一：形式不同
限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。
区别二：功能不同
限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如：
People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)
His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)
区别三：翻译不同
在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如：
He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。
区别四：含义不同
I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的。(不止一个)
I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个，她是当医生的。(只有一个)
区别五：先行词不同
限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。如：
Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast)
He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)
Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)
Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)
区别六：关系词不同
关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。
关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom ，但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。
1. This is the girl who/whom I met in the street.
2. A young man had a new girl friend，whom he wanted to impress. 先行词 a new girl friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可用 who 代替 whom .
This is the book（which/that）he lost yesterday. 先行词 the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 或 that 可以省略。
The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found. 先行词 the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 不可省。
介词+关系代词
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”。例如：
The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist.
The man to whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city that/which she lives in is far away.
The city in which she lives is far away.
●使用“介词＋关系代词”要注意以下几点：
(一)选用介词的依据：
(1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。例如：
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hang Zhou is famous.
(2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。例如：
限制性从句The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.
Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?
(3) 根据句子的意思来选择。例如：
The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside.
He lives in a lovely village, at the back of which is a hill.
They finally climbed up the mountain, on top of which many strange birds were seen.
Look at the photo. This is Mr. Green, in front of whom sit three
(4) 表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。例如：
I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the famous writer.
He has three sisters, all of whom are abroad.
(二)在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after, look for, take care of等。例如：
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)
The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)
I saw the watch that/which you are looking for ?
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