专题七 定语从句
关系代词的用法 ★★★
典例1 [2019山西吕梁高三段考,46]Irresponsible drivers like to cut in on the road often make the drivers behind respond by suddenly braking.
句意:喜欢在路上强行超车的不负责任的司机常常使后面的司机突然刹车。空处引导定语从句,先行词是drivers,指人, 且空处在从句中作主语,故可填who/that。
who/that
易混关系代词的辨析 ★★★
1.关系代词that与which
典例2 [2019江西吉安六校联考,63]All happens during early years can influence children f
or the rest of their lives.
句意:所有早年发生的事情都可能影响孩子的余生。定语从句缺少主语,且先行词为不定代词All,故只能用关系代词that。
that
典例3 [2019山东淄博段考,49]This was the most valuable opinion was given by a foreigner two centuries ago.
空处在此引导定语从句,先行词是opinion,指物,关系词在从句中充当主语,且先行词前有形容词最高级修饰,故只能用关系代词that。
that
典例4 Peter and his car disappeared mysteriously in London in 1987 appeared mysteriously in New York in 1993.
that
典例5 [2020江苏南京开学考,3]The land is known for a historical site with beautifully colored walls, on are painted the events of the past.
句意:这个地区以拥有美丽的彩墙壁的历史遗迹而闻名,墙上画着过去发生的事情。分析句子结构可知,逗号后为非限制性定语从句,先行词为walls,指物,且关系词位于介词后,故此处只能用关系代词which。注意:此处为使句子结构平衡,定语从句使用了完全倒装。
which
2.关系代词which与as
典例6 I have never performed such a task you’ve asked me to do.
句意:我从来没做过你要我做的这种工作。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,并在从句中作do的宾语。先行词task指物,且其前有such修饰,故此处用关系代词as引导定语从句。
as
考点2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词的基本用法 ★★★
典例7 So long as you stick to it, the moment you can have your dream come true will definitely come.
句意:只要你坚持,你能实现自己梦想的那一刻肯定会到来的。本空引导定语从句,修饰the moment,且在从句中作时间状语,因此本空填关系副词when。
when
关系副词where的特殊用法 ★★★
典例8 New lawyers often come across various cases they really don’t know how to deal with tough situations in the beginning.
句意:新手律师一开始常常会遇到各种案件,在这些案件中他们真的不知道如何应对棘手的局面。本空引导定语从句,修饰cases,并在从句中作状语,因此用where。
where
考点3 "介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句
关系代词前介词的选择 ★★★
典例9 There are many occasions which you are left in a helpless situation, which you can depend on no one other than yourself.
句意:很多时候你处于无助的境地,在这种情况下,除了自己,你谁也依靠不了。第一空,此处用on which引导定语从句修饰occasions,on many occasions表示"很多时候";第二空,此处用in which引导定语从句修饰situation,situation表示抽象的地点,其前常用介词in。因此第一空填on,第二空填in。
on; in
考点4 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句中关系词的选用 ★★★
典例10 This city, lies in the northeast and I spent my childhood, has been one of the country’s busiest ports since the 1950s.
句意:这座城市位于东北部,是我度过童年的地方,自20世纪50年代以来就一直是这个国家最繁忙的港口之一。根据句意和句子结构可知,这里两空都要用关系词引导非限制性定语从句,第一空用关系代词which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语(指物),第二空用where引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语。
which;where
考法
考法1 考查限制性定语从句
典例11 [2019全国Ⅲ,64] They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.
句意:它们受到主人的良好训练,它们的主人在照看这些动物方面有着丰富的经验。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,先行词是their masters,指人,故应用关系代词who或that。
who/that
考法总结 设空处无提示词,且空前为名词,空后为缺少主语的从句,由此可判断设空处填从句引导词;再根据句意判断,设空处引导的从句对their masters起限定作用,故此处为限制性定语从句。
考法2 考查非限制性定语从句
典例12 [2018北京,5]She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit.
句意:她和她的家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于他们保持健康。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的整个句子,且从句中缺少主语,故填which。
which
考法总结 考生要牢记"定语从句有逗号,无that"。只要分析出来是定语从句,并且其前有逗号与主句隔开,那么就是非限制性定语从句,不能用关系代词that来引导。再根据具体情况选择关系代词或关系副词。
冲刺双一流
难点1 先行词相同,关系词不同的情况
典例13 The terrible accident happened on the day my father left for America, a day we’ll never forget.
句意:那场可怕的事故发生在我的父亲前往美国的那天,(那是)我们永远都不会忘记的一天。句中含有两个定语从句,先行词都是day。第一空所填词在从句中作时间状语,所以用when引导定语从句;第二空所填词在从句中作宾语,所以用that或which引导定语从句。
when; that/which
特别提醒 遇到类似的题目,考生应特别注意从句中动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。及物动词后应接宾语限制性从句;不及物动词后如有介词,可加宾语,如无介词,则应用关系副词。
方法1 分析从句所缺成分,确定关系词
典例14 If a shop has chairs women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
句意:假如一家商店有椅子,女士们可以让她们的男伴坐在那里,那么她们就会在那家商店多待一会儿。分析句子成分可知,在If引导的条件状语从句中,空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词chairs,定语从句中缺少地点状语,因此应填关系副词where。
where
方法2 巧用固定结构
典例15 Those houses are sold at such a low price people expected.
本空应用关系词引导定语从句,并且关系词在从句中作expected的宾语;空处所填词与前面的such构成固定结构"as...",因此这里用as引导定语从句。
as
真题检测
1.[2019北京,9] The students benefitting most from college are those are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源).
2.[2018 全国Ⅱ,69]The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government started a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
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