考研英语语法（从句）详细解析总结（含例句）
(一)英语从句的原理
1.我们已经学习过句子的成分【参考句子成分讲义】当一个完整的句子A成为另一
个句子B的某一成分时，A就变成了从句
●eg. I know that you are hard-working！我知道你们很努力
●完整的句子A { you are hard-working } 就叫做从句，在主句 B [I know A]中作宾
语A随从/服从B
2.英语的三种句子
●简单句：不能再拆分的句子【参考简单句讲义】
●复杂句：也叫做并列句，两个句子不分主次，仅仅逻辑关系词连接and、but、
however，，，
●eg. I like apples，and he likes bananas. = He likes bananas，and  I like apples.
●复合句：主从复合句，主句 + 从句，两个句子有主次关系
(二)英语从句的分类
所以有哪些句子成分就会有哪些从句类型：除了英语的核心动词之外，其他所有句子成分都可以有从句
1.①形容词从句 = 定语从句 = 关系从句
❗️英语从句中最重要的；内容最多的；最难的一类从句
●概念
●对某个人或者事物进行描述，具有形容词性质形容词性从句
●在句子中充当定语这个成分，起修饰作用定语从句
●构成往往需要关系词来引导关系从句
●形容词从句的思维方式
●中文思维：形容词都放在被修饰词之前，即形容词/句子 + 的
eg. 好吃的苹果；努力学习的他们
●英语思维
●单个词修饰时，也放在被修饰词之前
eg. a tasty apple
●用一句话来修饰时，就需要在被修饰词后面 + 一个与它有关系的词 + 另
一个句子，即先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句
●思维对比：这也是我们在翻译时不能逐字逐句顺序进行的原因，定语从句就
需要逆序先翻译
●中文：兔子在吃一根我买来的胡萝卜【前置】
●英语：兔子在吃一根胡萝卜（胡萝卜的关系词）我买的【后置】
The rabbit is eating a carrot that I bought.
●形容词从句的构成：关系词（引导定语从句）
●关系代词：引导词起指代、替代的作用
●方法：陈述句语序中，被修饰词更换为关系代词把关系代词放到开头，
就变成了从句祖国在我心中读后感
●that（那）：The rabbit is eating a carrot that I bought.
I bought that →that I bought
●who（主语）：The student who is reading is my friend.
江一燕的老公who is reading →who is reading
●whom（宾语）：The student whom I taught is my friend.
I taught whom  →whom I taught
●whose（ta的）：The student whose bag is pink is my friend.
whose bag is pink →whose bag is pink
●which（那个）：The student which  is reading/I taught is my friend.
which  is reading/I taught which →which  is reading/I taught
●that & which：指代人或物（主语宾语都可以），经常可以互换
●先行词唯一：that
●eg. The rabbit ate the biggest carrot that I 've ever seen. 兔子吃了我见
过最大的胡萝卜
●the biggest已经限定了先行词是唯一的，所以只能用that
●先行词多选一：which
●eg. The rabbit is eating a carrot that/which I bought.
●我买了很多根胡萝卜，兔子吃的只是其中随便一根
●关系副词：引导词的词性是副词
关系副词 = 介词 + 关系代词
●where（地点）：This is the place where I study.
●why（原因）：This is the reasin why I study.
●when（时间）：That was the day when I met him.
●形容词从句的限定性和非限定性
●通过前面的学习，大家已经明白了定语从句的主要功能就是修饰限定范围，
所以限定性和非限定性的区别即：是否限定了先行词的范围/性质
●限定性定语从句
●上述例句均为限定性定语从句：全部都限制了先行词的范围
●非限定性定语从句：通常有逗号隔开，作插入语补充信息
●eg. I read the book，which is on the desk. 我读了本书，那本书在桌子上
购买笔记本注意什么（有种接着说，补充说明的意思）
●eg. My head，which is big，is useful when it rains. 我有大头下雨不愁（作
插入语补充信息，即使删去也不影响原句子完整）
●eg. Rabbits eat carrots， which is not surprising. 兔子吃胡萝卜，这事不稀奇
（甚至可以指代一个完整的句子进行修饰）
2.②名词从句
●引导词：相当于一个信号告诉你“那么接下来从句要开始咯！”
注意：引导词在从句开头；从句是陈述句语序
●that：确定信息
●whether；where；when；how；who；what：不确定信息
●主语从句：将句子中的主语变成从句的形式
●正常语序：主语放在句子最开头
●eg. That rabbits eat carrots is obvious.
●eg. Whether rabbits eat carrots is obvious. 是否吃
●eg. Where rabbits eat carrots is obvious. 在哪吃
●eg. When rabbits eat carrots is obvious. 什么时候吃
●eg. Who eats carrots is obvious. 谁吃
●eg. What rabbits eat  is obvious. 吃什么
●eg. How rabbits eat carrots is obvious. 怎么吃
●形式主语：it指代主语从句，it本身没有什么意义【翻译时，可以拆成两句
或是倒序先翻译主语从句】
英语句子的主语从句过长就会头重脚轻，所以会改个形式说出来
●eg. It is obvious that rabbits eat carrots. 很明显，兔子吃胡萝卜/兔子吃胡萝
卜这事儿很明显
●eg. It is obvious whether rabbits eat carrots.
●可自行练习改写上述例句
●表语从句：将句子的表语变成从句的形式
●eg. The reason is that you need to study.
●eg. It feels that you like me.
●同位语从句：将句子的同位语变成从句的形式
●一般修饰抽象名词：the fact；
●eg. The question that/whether rabbits eat carrots is interesting.
●宾语从句：从句作句子的宾语
●确定信息&不确定信息
●eg. I know that rabbits eat carrots.
●eg. I know whether/where/... rabbits eat carrots.
●宾语从句引导词that往往可以省略，注意判断
●eg. I know rabbits eat carrots.
●宾语从句的否定
●在谓语动词前否定，而非在从句中，否则会有句意的改变
●eg. I don't know rabbits eat carrots.
●eg. I don't think rabbits eat carrots.
●eg. I don't believe rabbits eat carrots.
●主从时态一致，但从句描述客观规律例外
●eg. I knew you gratuated last year.
开心麻花马丽●eg. I knew the sun rises in the east.
●宾补从句：从句作句子的宾语补足语
●使用较少
●eg. You can call me whatever you like. 你随便怎么称呼我都可以
●eg. My parents made me who I am.
3.③副词从句 = 状语从句
分手快乐梁静茹歌词
英语从句中种类最多的❗️因为补充说明的可能性最多
●概念
●在句中起到副词的作用，一般补充说明动词、形容词、副词等副词从句
●句子成分上说，充当了句子的状语状语从句
●时间状语从句
汪圆圆个人资料
●在某一时间点之前：before
●eg. I cleaned the room before you came.
●= Before you came， I cleaned the room.
●在某一时间点之中
●when：强调在某个时间点
●eg. I was watching TV when my mom came home. 当我妈妈回家时，我
正在看电视
●= When my mom came home，I was watching TV.
●while：强调在一个时间段内
●eg. I was watching TV while my mom was cooking. 我妈妈做饭时，我在
看电视
●= While my mom was cooking，I was watching TV.
●as：强调同时进行的两个动作
●eg. My mom cooked as she watched TV. 我妈妈一边做饭一边看电视
●= As my mom watched TV，she cooked.
●在某一时间点之后：after
●eg. I go to school after I get up.
●= After I get up，I go to school.
●从之前某一时间点开始算起的一个时间段，往往暗示了对之后有影响（完成
时态）since
●eg. I have read two books since my mom came home. 自从我妈妈回家以后，
我已经看了两本书了
●直到之后的某一时间点：until
●eg. I waited until my mom came home. 我一直在等，直到妈妈回家
●not，，，until，，，：直到，，，才，，，（注意翻译方法）
●eg. I didn't go to sleep until my mom came home. 直到我妈妈回家我才睡
觉
●一个动作紧跟着另一个动作发生：as soon as（注意翻译顺序：一，，，
就，，，）
●eg. It rained as soon as we went to schoo. 我们一去上学，就下雨了
●下次，，，：the next time
●eg. I will hug you the next time we meet. 下次我们见面时我一定会拥抱你●地点状语从句
●引导词：where
●eg. I read books where I study.
●强调形式：wherever不管哪里；everywhere所有地方；anywhere任何地方
●eg. I read books wherever/everywhere/anywhere I can sudy.
●条件状语从句从句比主句落后一个时态
●真实条件句：真实的假设 if
●eg. If the rabbit sees a carrot，it will eat it.
●虚假的假设：if【参考虚拟语气讲义】
●否定条件句：unless 除非，，，否则/不然
●eg. Unless it rains，the game will be played. 除非下雨，比赛将正常进行
●= If it doesn't rain，the game will be played.
●其他引导词：as long as只要；in case如果
●eg. You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你保持书的
清洁，你就可以把我的书借去。
●eg. Take your umbrella in case it rains.带着你的伞吧，以防下雨。
●让步状语从句
●做出一个“相反/相对”的假设：即使/就算，，，也，，，