定语从句讲解（包含各种特殊情况对比，题目都是易错题）
1）定语从句的基本概念：定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，起形容词作用，也称为形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟先行词。定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在定语从句中充当一个成分，并在含义上替代先行词。
The man is my cousin. He came to see me this morning.
替换：The man who came to see me this morning is my cousin.
先行词 关系代词在定语中做主语，不可省略 ↖定语从句
2）关系词:
①关系代词（指人/指物/表所有格）;
A.指人的关系代词：
who,做主语或宾语；
whom，只做宾语；
that,做主语或宾语（但指代人称并充当从句主语时，通常用who）
He is a student. We should learn from him.
替换：He is a student (who, whom, that) we should learn from.
关系代词充当从句主语时，不能省略，充当宾语时，可以省略。
B.指物的关系代词：
which,做主语或宾语；
that,做主要或宾语；
He sent me a present last night. The present is a mice watch.
替换：The present (which, that) he sent me last night is a nice watch.
关系代词充当从句主语时，不能省略，充当宾语时，可以省略。
C.表所有格的关系代替：
指某人的或某物的：whose,做先行词的所有格
Is there anyone? Her name is Linda.
靳东李佳替换：Is there anyone whose name is Linda?
②关系副词（时间/地点/原因）。
A. where指地点，充当地点状语
This is the place. We spent our childhood in that place.
替换：This is the place (which / that) we spend our childhood in.
This is the place in which we spent our childhood.
我想哭但是哭不出来 This is the place where we spent our childhood.
B. when 指时间，充当时间状语
He’ll always remember the day. His grandma passed away on that day.
替换：He’ll always remember the day （which/ that）his grandma passed away on.
He’ll always remember the day on which his grandma passed away.
He’ll always remember the day when his grandma passed away.
C. why 指原因，充当原因状语
This is the reason. They were late for the meeting because of the reason.
替换: This is the reason why they were late for the meeting.
③准关系代词as
such……as 引导定语从句……,
so/such……that…… 如此……以致于……引导结果状语从句
the same……as(相似物)/that（同一物）……
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.(相似物)
This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.（同一物）
as……as…….
Such people as were mentioned by him were honest. （as在定语从句中做主语）
I’ve never seen such a clever man as he is. （as在定语从句中做表语）
I like the same book as you do. （as在定语从句中做宾语）
I shall do it in the same way as you did. （as在定语从句中做状语）空调的耗电量
He is as diligent a man as ever lived. （as在定语从句中做主语）
先行词是一句话或一句话的一部分时，关系代词可用which或as, 但which 不能放句首，as可放在句首，句中，句末，有“正如”的意思
As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. （as在定语从句中做主语）
He came late again, which made his teacher very angry.
3) 限定性与非限定性定语从句
A）限制性定语从句: 是用来限制所修饰对象的意义，不能被拿掉，如果拿掉，余下的部分的意义就会不清楚；
The man who spoke at the parents’ meeting just now is John’s father.
B)非限制性定语从句：是对所修饰的词作进一步说明，仅起补充作用，拿掉他，其他部分仍然清楚。非限制性定语从句通常与主句之间用“，”隔开，限制性定语从句与主句关系密切，不用“，”隔开。
John, whose father is a writer, works in Beijing.
The book was written by Lu Xun, who was a great writer.
4) 注意要点
A）只能用that，不能用which（who）：
1、当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时。
林妍柔2、当先行词是anything, everything, nothing时（something 用which，that都可以）。
3、当先行词被all, only, very, any, just, no, much等词修饰时。
4、当先行词既指人又指物时。
5、当句子中已有who指认时。
6、当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
B）不能用that
1、非限制性定语从句
2、在介词后面不能用that
C）先行词是place, time, reason
1、当先行词是place（或其他表示地点的词）
This is the famous place where (at which) the king used to meet his ministers.
This is the famous place which/ that/ X we visited last year.
注意：看先行词在从句中充当什么成分，充当状语用where，充当主语或宾语用which
2、当先行词是time（或其他表示时间的词）
October 1 is the day when (on which) 管理员账户the People’s Republic of China was founded.
I will never forget the days which/ that/ X I spend with my students.
3、当先行词是reason
This is the reason why he was late this morning.
This is the reason which/ that may explain his absence.
D) 介词+ which 与 where，when 的转化; 介词+whom；
The hotel where范伟 电影 they stayed the other day wasn’t very clean.
The hotel in which they stayed the other day wasn’t very clean.
He will always remember the day when he broke the world record.
He will always remember the day on which he broke the world record.
The woman to whom I spoke just now is my English teacher.
The woman who (whom) I spoke to just now is my English teacher.
E) 有些介词短语有固定搭配意思的不能随意搬动
The baby (who) my mother is looking after is my younger brother.
F) the way 作先行词，定语从句用that, in which 或 省略。
That is the way _that/ in which/ X_ he spoke.
G）定语从句的谓语动词的用法
I, who am your best friend, will do everything for you.
Tom is one of the boy students in our class who are often late.
Tom is the (only) one of the boy students in our class who is often late.
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