Ability:  refers to a more general enduring（持久的） capability that an individual possesses.
海口景点
Assessment Centers 评价中心
*Used for the selection and development of managerial personnel. 用于甄选管理者
A wide variety of specific selection programs that use multiple selection methods to rate applicants or job incumbents on their management potential
Coach 教练A peer or manager who works with an employee to motivate the employee, help him or her develop skills, and provide reinforcement and feedback  是与员工一起工作的同事或管理者，他或她激励员工，帮助该员工开发技能，并提供强化和反馈。
Development – how do we prepare our employees for career advancement and to take on new challenges?
involves acquiring knowledge, skills, and behavior that improve employees’ ability to meet t
he challenges of a variety of new or existing jobs.  开发：涉及让员工学习知识、技能和行为以提高其能力，使他们能面对新的或已有的各种挑战。
The acquisition of knowledge,skills,and behaviors that improve an employee’s ability to meet changes in job requirements and in customer demands置换反应
Downsizing:  planned elimination of large numbers of personnel with the goal of enhancing the organization’s competitiveness 有计划地大量减少人员数量，以实现提高组织绩效的目标。
Ethics道德The fundamental principles of right and wrong  关于正确和错误的基本原则
Human Capital 人力资本An organization’s employees, described in terms of their training, experience, judgment判断力, intelligence智力, relationships, and insight洞察力
Human Resource Management  行李箱密码锁The policies , practices, and systems that influence employees’ behavior, attitudes, and performance. 影响雇员行为、态度和绩效的政策、实践和制度。
安妮海瑟薇 大尺度Human Resource Planning 人力资源规划Identifying the numbers and types of employees the organization will require in order to meet its objectives.
Job 工作：是一套相互关联的责任。—a set of related duties.
Job analysis（工作分析） – what does the job entail(承担） and require? 
The process of getting detailed information about jobs.
Job Description – what does the job consist of?工作说明书（职位描述）
a list of the tasks, duties, and responsibilities (TDRs) that a particular job entails.
是一项工作所包括的任务、责任和职责的清单。
Job design 工作设计– how should work be organized and divided?
The process of defining the way work will be performed and the tasks that a given job requires.
The process of defining how work will be performed and what tasks will be required in a given job.确定完成工作的方式、明确既定工作所涉及的任务的过程。
Job enlargement工作扩大化 refers to broadening the types of tasks performed.  增加所执行任务的类型Broadening the types of tasks performed in a job
Job enrichment工作丰富化 is empowering employees by adding decision-making authority to their jobs.  It comes from the work of Frederick Herzberg.
  通过在员工的工作中加入更多的决策权来授权给员工。
Job extension 工作延伸 is enlarging jobs by combining several relatively simple jobs to form a job with a wider range of tasks.把几种相对简单的工作组合起来，形成一个具有更宽责任范围的工作。
Job rotation 工作轮换does not actually redesign the jobs, but moves employees among several different jobs.不是重新设计工作，而是让雇员在几个工作之间移动。三孩政策最新消息2022
Job Specifications – what do the people in the job need to have?工作规范（职位要求）
A list of the knowledge, skill, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) that an individual must have to perform a particular job
指从事某项工作的人所具备的知识、技术、能力和其他特点。
Knowledge Workers 知识型员工Employees whose main contribution to the organization is specialized knowledge, such as knowledge of customers, a process, or a profession 是那些对组织的贡献在于专业知识的员工。
Mentor 导师An experienced, productive senior employee who helps develop a less experienced employee (a protégé 门生)  是一位经验丰富、高效的资深员工，他帮助开发一位经验较少的员工，这位被帮助的员工被称为门生。
Needs Assessment 培训评估  The process of evaluating the organization, individual employees, and an employees’ tasks to determine what kinds of training, if any, are necessary.对组织、各个雇员、雇员的任务等进行评估以决定是否需要培训以及需要哪些必要的培训的过程。
Organization analysis: 组织分析Usually begins the needs assessment
The process for determining the appropriateness of training by evaluating the characteristics of the organization该过程通过对组织的特点进行评估来判断培训的适当性。
Outsourcing 赵本山女儿奢侈生活The practice of having another company(a vendor,third-party provider,or consultant)provide services.  Manufacturing or payroll  Contracting with another organization to perform a broad set of services.
Person Analysis 人员分析A process for determining individuals’ needs and readiness for training.判断个人有何需要以及是否做好了接受培训准备的过程。
Position职位 the set of duties performed by one person.是由一个人执行的一套责任。