2016年6⽉英语四级阅读答案及解析（卷三新东⽅版）
选词填空部分历来被看作是阅读部分中最难的⼀部分，但是并没有同学们想象的那样⾼不可攀，因为如果⼤家研读过考纲就会发现，该部分考查词汇的侧重点不在单词意思本⾝，⽽在词性的考查，考查语法的重点也不是什么⾼难度的句型和语法，⽽在实词成分的判定。⽽这两部分都是⼤家可以提前准备的，也是南京新东⽅⽼师们课堂上已经给⼤家总结好的。只要⼤家按照课上所讲的答题步骤和技巧去练习，严格控制答题时间，该部分拿个不错的分数也不是很难。下⾯我们先回顾⼀下课我们课堂上所讲的选词填空的解题步骤吧。
1. 解题步骤
2. 读⾸段⾸句抓主题句。考纲明确指出⾸段⾸句不会设空，以便考⽣能迅速了解⽂章主题。
3. 整理选项标词性。15个选项中肯定有⾃⼰认识的单词，也有不认识的。认识的单词标出词性问题不⼤，关键是不认识的
单词如何处理。我们课上讲过，不认识的单词分两种，⼀种是可以通过单词的后缀去猜想的单词，⼀种是纯不会的单词，⽆后缀可猜。那么我们⾸先肯定是勾兑出⾃⼰认识的单词，⼀般为中⾼考范围内词汇，并标出词性。其次，勾兑那些通过后缀可以判断词性的单词。考纲中明确规定，选词部分只对四类
单词进⾏考查，形容词、动词、名词和副词。只要熟记课上我们给⼤家总结的这四类词常见的后缀判断法，那么这类单词的词性不难判断。也就是说，即使我们不认识⼀部分单词是什么意思，但依然能准确判断词性。对于纯不会的单词也不于纠结，先放在那⾥，我们说长难词不是选词考查的重点，⽆技巧可猜的单词很可能是作为⼲扰选项，我们可以⽤排除法做。
4. 回到原⽂，缺什么成分补什么成分，⼀般只读空格句。由于该部分分配到的时间有限，且它相对完形来讲，相对弱化语
境，所以我们没有必要⼀句⼀句地读，⽽⼀般只需读空格前后。语法不好的同学也不必担⼼，因为该部分的语法点只会考查最基础的名动形副成分的判定，这部分课上也是给⼤家总结过的。
5. 选词。不要指望⼀步到位，我们要在有限的时间⾥拿到分数，这⼀步⼀定要注意我们选词的顺序。当词性判断好，最后
排除剩下两个单词，⼀个认识，⼀个不认识时，⼀定⾸先考虑将我们认识的单词带⼊原⽂，如果意思合适就选该单词，如果不合适，选择不认识的那个单词。
6. 真题解析
全自动智能马桶
Physical activity does the body goodand there's growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Resear
chers in the Netherlandsreport that children who get more exercise, whether at school or  on their own,_26_to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a_27__of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic _28_, investigators found thatthe more children moved, the better their grades were in schools,__29_in the basic subjects of math, Englishand reading.
The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schoolsstruggle to _30_on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S __31_in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be _32_ exclusive .  Physical activity can improve blood _33__to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity , which are _34__to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve __35__and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.
A )attendance    B)consequently  C) currentD)depressing
E)dropping  F)essential  G)feasible  H)flow  I)mood
J)mutually  K)particularly  L)performance  M)review
N)survive  O)tend
答案速查：
26.O）tend
27.M) review
28.L) performance
29.K)particularly
30.N)survive
31.E)dropping
32.J)mutually
33.H)flow
34.F)essential
35.I)mood
题⽬详解：
⾸先，我们读下⾸段⾸句。本⽂主要讲的是体育锻炼不仅对⾝体有益，对⼤脑也是有好处的。
第⼆，我们整理⼀下选项，标出词性。⾸先标出认识的单词，相信下列单词⼀定是⼤多数同学都认识的，因为是中考⾼范围内的词汇。第⼀组单词如下：
B)consequently  adv.
E)dropping  v.
F)essential  a.
H)flow  v./n.
I)mood  n.
K)particularly  adv.
L)performance  n.
M)review  n./v.
N)survive  v.
O)tend  v.
其次，根据后缀猜⼀部分单词。第⼆组单词如下：
A )attendance    n.
D)depressing  v./a.
G)feasible  a.
J)mutually  adv.
另外就是纯不认识的单词，第三组单词如下：
C) current
第三，回到原⽂，只读空格句。
26题：该空所在句可以简化成children who get more exercise ___ to have higher GPAs，主语children，且全⽂为⼀般现在时，此处缺原形动词，符合条件对选项有HMNO，根据⽂意，该句要表达的意思是“经常锻炼的孩⼦往往GPA也⾼”，故符合条件对只有O) 选项，tend to do “倾向于，往往”。
27题：in a ___ of 14 studies, 此处需要的单词为可数名词单数形式，观察第⼀组认识的选项HILM中，只有M) review代⼊，  a review of 表⽰“回顾”，故答案为M.
28题:  physical activity and academic___，空格前的and表⽰并列，故判定该处缺名词，在认识的第⼀组单词中排查，还有选项HIL，根据⽂意，该处表⽰“学业表现”的意思，故答案为L.
29题：该处缺副词，符合条件的第⼀组单词中有BK，根据⽂意，要表达的意思是“锻炼越多，成绩越好，尤其在⼀些基础学科”，故答案为K.
30题：struggle to___on small budgets，不难看出，该处需要⼀个原形动词，优先排查第⼀组认识的单词，HN符合条件，再结合⽂意，表达“依靠很少的预算努⼒过活”，故答案为N)survive.
31题：with standardized test scores in the US___in recent years, 该处考查with表⽰伴随状态的⽤法，with+名词+现在分词，该结构表⽰动作的主动和进⾏。后⽂说“学校管理者认为学⽣应该花更多的
时间在教室⾥⽽不是操场上”，显然空格所在句要表达的意思是“学习成绩下降”， with scores dropping 符合题意和语法结构，故答案为E.
32题：该处缺副词，先看第⼀组单词，B)consequently  表⽰“因此”的意思，代⼊后“但研究表明，成绩和锻炼并不因此排斥”，看似能说得通，但与前⼀句并不构成因果关系，故排出，再排查第⼆组靠后缀猜的单词中J) mutually 是副词，尽管不认识
是“相互地”的意思，但也能⽤排除法选出答案为J. 这⾥表⽰“成绩和锻炼不相互排斥”。
33题：improve blood ___ to the brain.根据⽂意，应该表达改善⾎流量。该处为名词修饰名词，flow（流量）符合题意，故答案为H.
34题：which are ___ to learning , 该处需要形容词，第⼀组单词中F)essential (重要的)符合题意，代⼊⽂意为：对学习很重要，故答案为F.
35题：该空缺名词，第⼀组认识的单词中I) mood (情绪) 代⼊为“改善情绪”符合题意，故答案为I.
通过对真题的分析，我们不难发现，选词部分考察的重点是词汇和语法，但这并不意味着同学们需要识记海量单词和弄通多么⾼深的语法知识。词汇的考查重点在于词性的判断，语法只需掌握名词、动词、形容词和副词四⼤类词性成分的判定即可，⽽这⼀部分的知识点正是我们课堂上给⼤家总结过的。
另外，动词和名词依然是重点考查的词性。
三、备考建议
1. 时间安排
鉴于选词部分在阅读中的⽐例只占5%，建议同学们在该部分投⼊的时间控制在5-7分钟。如果花费时间过长，势必会影响后⾯的仔细阅读，得不偿失。
1. 答题顺序
建议放在整个阅读部分的最后做。对于习惯按顺序答题的同学，尽量控制好答题速度，不要恋战。
1. 解题步骤要点：
1）抓主题句（⾸段⾸句必出主题句）
2）整理选项，标词性（眼熟的先勾兑，眼⽣的靠后缀）
2）回原⽂，缺啥补啥（⼀般只看空格句，名动形副⼀锅端）
4）选词拿分（千万不要犹犹豫豫，我已努⼒其他随天意）
昆凌整容1. 知识储备
2. 常见的后缀判断法（详见表1）
3. 四⼤词性的语法成分判定（详见表2）
表1: 四⼤词性常见后缀
常见后缀
词性
名词-ion, -age, - ness, -ty , -ship, -ance, -ancy, -ence, -dom，-ism
名词-ion, -age, - ness, -ty , -ship, -ance, -ancy, -ence, -dom，-ism
动词-ize, -fy，-ate，-en
形容词-ive, -ent, -ful, -ous, -able,  -ic, -cal, -less
副词-ly
表2：四⼤词性语法成分判定
语法成分判定
词性
名词  a.冠词a, an, the 的后⾯
b.介词in, on, from…的后⾯
c．形容词的后⾯
动词⼀个句⼦是否缺谓语动词显⽽易见，关键在判断动词的形式
1. 时态现在时：考虑是原形动词还是三单形式动词（根据主语单复数）
过去时：考虑加-ed
1. 语态主动和被动
形容词  1. 名词的前⾯
2. 副词的后⾯
副词  1. 动词的附近（指前⾯或后⾯）
2. 形容词的前⾯
3. 句⾸或句尾。（⼀个句⼦成分完整，什么成分都不缺）
讲到这⾥，⼤家是否还觉得选词部分“⾼不可攀”呢？希望⼤家能够把握好选词填空5%的⽐重，提⾼阅读单项的得分点，同时预祝⼤家在四、六级英语考试中都能取得理想的成绩！
第三套
Section C Passage1
Robot
南京新东⽅⼘银
南京新东⽅艾伟
南京新东⽅袁静
46. What does the author say about the threat of robots?
A. It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.
B. It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.
C It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.
D. It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.
答案：C
解析：题⼲问，关于机器⼈的威胁，作者说了什么啥？根据题⼲中的robot threat以及顺序原则（第⼀题对应原⽂第⼀段），that robots could become a threat. 继续往后看This danger can be avoided…据此可以判定答案选C。
张晓风经典语录47. What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?
A. They are aggressive
B. They are ignorant
C. They are outgoing
D. They are ill-bred
答案：D
解析：题⼲问，我们会怎么看待⼊侵我们空间的⼈？根据题⼲的personal space可以定位到原⽂第四段的末尾，根据原⽂的you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do可以确定答案为D。
48. How do robots learn human value？
A. By interacting with human in everyday life situations.
B. By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.
C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.
5.1劳动节法定假日几天赵文卓所有电影D. By imitating the behavior of properly brought-up human beings.
答案：C
解析：题⼲问机器⼈如何学习⼈类的价值？根据题⼲中的human values以及顺序原则可以定位到原⽂第6段，根据Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior可以确定答案选C
49. What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?
A. Keep a distance from possible dangers.
B. Stop to seek advice from a human being.
C. Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.
D. Do sufficient testing before taking action.
答案:C
解析：题⼲问当⾯临⼀个⾮常规情景时，具有良好编程的机器⼈会怎么办？根据题⼲中的unusual situation可以定位原⽂第8段段尾，根据正向的逻辑关系，需要继续读第9段，确定答案选C
50. What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?
A. Determine what is moral and ethical
B. Design some large-scale experiment
C. Set rules for man-machine interaction
D. Develop a more sophisticated program
答案：A
解析：题⼲问当我们将⼈类价值转变为程序代码时⾯临的困难是什么？这是最后⼀题，对应原⽂最后⼀段，根据The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe is moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules.可以确定答案选A。
第三套
Passage 2  性格与寿命
南京新东⽅⼘银
南京新东⽅艾伟
南京新东⽅袁静
51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is ______
A. to see whether people’s personality affects their life span
B. to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their health
C. to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life
D. to examine all the factors contributing to longevity
51. A 主旨题。由专有名词定位⾄第⼀段末句，题⽬问的是研究⽬的是什么，去前⼀句答案，问句中提到personality与longevity的关系，这个研究就是围绕⼆者关系展开的，纵观四个选项，A项提到personality 和life span，故答案为A.
B项lifestyle，C项the role of exercise ⽂中均没有提到，属于⽆关信息，D项all the factors （所有因素），⽽⽂中只提到了性格与寿命的关系，故排除。在此提醒各位考⽣，对于过于绝对化的选项，选择的时候⼀定要慎重，多为⼲扰选项。
52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?
A. They have a good understanding of evolution
B. They are better at negotiating an agreement
C. They generally appear more resourceful
D. They are more likely to get over hardship
52.D 根据顺序定位原则和题⼲关键词outgoing and sympathetic people定位到第⼆段末句，those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times. 纵观四个选项，D项get over hardship 是对make it through tough times 的同义替换，故为答案。
A项 evolution B项agreement均为⾮定位区间的⼲扰信息，C项⼲扰性较强，并不是appear resourceful, ⽽是拥有资源以使他们渡过难关，语意的重点在to do后⾯。
53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?
A. Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life
B. Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times
C. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity
D. Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity
53.C题⼲问这项研究成果能或多或少证实我们的哪些期望？题对段的顺序原则可以定位到原⽂第三段，根据原⽂的Increasingly, however, other characteristic that you might consider advantages had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer.判定选C。
54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?
A. Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers
B. People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner
C. Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’
D. Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.
54.D题⼲问关于挪威妈妈们的研究显⽰了啥？根据题⼲中的挪威妈妈，很快可以定位到原⽂倒数第⼆段，根据原⽂That study
张娜拉演过的电视剧
looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that, 这⾥的found that是关键词，上过我课同学都应该知道的，它后⾯就是答案。所以这⼀题选D。
55. What can we learn from the findings of the two studies?
A. Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span
B. Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health
C. Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.
D. Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle
55.B原⽂：Personality isn’t destiny (命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.
题⼲问从这两项新的研究成果可以得出什么？这是最后⼀题，根据题对段的顺序原则，应该从原⽂最后⼀段答案，根据But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.确定答案选B。
根据以上解析，我们清楚的看到，⼤部分的仔细阅读题，主要还是靠定位，此处附上定位的标准步骤以及仔细阅读的做法：
定位⽅法
读题⼲，划出定位词(名词(专名)/⼈名/引⾔/关键性动词/原因/三个为佳)，然后按照顺序原则(即第⼀题对应第⼀段，以此类推)定位到原⽂的相应段落，然后精读/分析，后答题。
仔细阅读做法
①先读题，了解题⼲信息→②划定位词（⼤写/⼈名/关键性动词/名词）→③按顺序原则回原⽂定位，到区间，答案不跨段，⼀定在定位区间附近，所以上读读，下读读→④根据区间分析选项→⑤综合运⽤阅读⽂章的技巧和排除法
记忆重要的特征词