Dictation
Bread-making
People made bread in different ways, / but the bread that’s made in Britain contains five ingredients. / There’s water, flour of course, / and then there’s salt, sugar and something called yeast./ A long time ago, people made bread just from flour and water, / and their bread looked and tasted very different from the bread we make today./ It was a different shape---like large flat biscuits, / and it was dark brown in colour. / But it was too heavy to digest. / Then the Egyptians discovered that yeast,/ which is a kind of fungus, will make bread rise./ Well, in fact, if you look at a modern loaf of bread through a microscope, / it looks a bit like a sponge, doesn’t it? / Full of little holes. / Well, the holes make the bread lighter, of course, and easier to digest. 
yeast
fungus
sponge
Conversations
1.
W: Did you have a good time last weekend?
M: Yes, I did. I visited some friends in Pennsylvania. They live in a small town called Canonsburg.
W: That must have been interesting. I’ve never been in a small town—just big cities.
M:  Neither have I.
W: What did you do?
M: There isn’t as much to do there as is here. No plays or concerts, that is, people make their own entertainment, though.
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W: What do you mean?
M: Well, Saturday we went to a potluck supper.
W: A potluck supper? What’s that?
M: The whole neighborhood has a party. Everybody brings something. It’s all put on the table and you can eat whatever you like. That is a potluck supper.
郑元畅的女友是谁
W: It’s something like a picnic, isn’t it?
M: Well, yes. The weather was warm, so we had this one outdoors. But in winter they have them indoors, too.
W: What else did you do?
M: Sunday we went for a drive. We had lunch at a drive-in.
W: Is the countryside interesting?
M: Beautiful farmland. You’d like it.
W: I’m sure I would.
M: Sunday evening some people came for dinner. It was very informal—we just sat around and talked. Just a nice Sunday night supper.
入党申请书2012W: That’s the kind of evening I like. I don’t care for a formal dinner so much.
W: Neither do I.
potluck 家常便饭
potluck supper聚餐:每个客人都自带食物然后大家分而食之的一顿饭的
drive-in 下车餐馆, 免下车电影院(顾客可坐在自己的车上购物进餐、看电影等等韩国女明星整容前后)
Conversation 2
W: Today’s arts report is on Dan Parker of the American Indian Dance Theater.               
Mr. Parker, I understand your troupe performs traditional music and dance from many different Native American cultures. Can you give us some ideas of some of the dances you’ll be doing in the performance tonight?
演员岳跃M: Certainly. We’ll be doing won-us-award dance. Originally it was a story    telling device to recount battles. Another is the grass dance, performed by the plains Indians, where they actually flatten tall field grass to prepare it for a ceremony.
W: Since your dancers are from many different tribes, how can you be sure the dances are done correctly?
M: Everything we do has been approved by the elders of our tribes. That’s partly because we don’t necessarily know each other’s styles of dances. But it’s also because it’s hard to get complete agreement even within the same tribe about exactly how the dance should be done.
W: Anyone who attends one of your performances will notice that your company goes to
a lot of trouble to provide detailed explanations of the origin of the dances, the music, the costumes and so forth. Could you explain to our listeners why you do these?
M: Good question. Our explanations show that in our cultures, dance is ritual rather than entertainment. We also want to make it clear to our audience that we are not performing any dances used for sacred ceremonies.
troupe
Conversation 3
M: I really appreciate your filling me in on yesterday’s lecture.
W: No problem. I thought you might want to go over it together. And anyway it helps me review. Hope you’re feeling better now.
张碧晨的老公M: I am. Thanks. So, you said she talked about squid? Sounds a little strange.
W: Well, actually it was about the evolution of sea life—a continuation from last week. Th
e octopus and the squid descended from earlier creatures with shells. They survived by shedding their shells—somewhere between 200 and 500 million years ago.
M: That’s a pretty long span of time. Some squid are really huge. Can you imagine something that big if it still had a shell?