2021年新高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查，并且仍将不会仅单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：
1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；
2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；
3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；
4.介词+关系代词的用法；
5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；
6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。
一、关系代词一览表
关系词 | 先行词 | 从句成分 | 例句 | 备注 | |
关系代词 | who | 人 | 主语 | Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? | whom，which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that |
whom | 人 | 宾语 | Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working. The boy(whom) she loved died in the war. | ||
whose | 人/物 | 定语 | I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate. | ||
that | 人/物 | 主语 宾语 | A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star(that) I want to see very much. | ||
which | 物 | 主语 宾语同桌带我去他家做了怎么办 | The book(which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. | ||
as汶川大地震资料 | 人/物 | 主语 宾语 | He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. | as做宾语一般不省略 | |
关系副词 | when | 时间 | 时间状语 | I will never forget the day when we met there. | 可用on which苏紫紫写真 |
where | 地点 | 地点状语 | This is the house where I was born. | 可用in which | |
why | 原因 | 原因状语 | I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. | 可用for which | |
二、that与which，who，whom的用法区别
1. that和which的用法区别
在定语从句中，关系代词which和that都可指物，一般情况下，可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意：
（1）只能用that而不能用which的情形：
①当先行词为：all，little，few，much，none及some-，any-，no-，every-与thing所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。如：There is nothing that will stop us making progress.
②当先行词前面有only，some，any，no，every，little，few，much，all，very等形容词修饰时，只能用that。
如：This is the only problem that we can’t work out.
③当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。
如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
④当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用that。
如：Lu Xun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great.
移动硬盘不显示⑤当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，只能用that。
如：This is a book that I have been looking for since last week.
⑥当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时，只能用that。
如：Which is the picture that you drew yesterday?
（2）只能用which而不能用that的情形：
①当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用which。
如：The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing.
②关系代词前面有介词时，只能用which。
如：The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down.
③先行词为代词that或that所修饰时，只能用which。
如：I don’t take that which is too expensive.
2. who(whom)和that的用法区别详解
在定语从句中，关系代词who(whom)和that都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，但在下列情况下值得注意：
（1）用who(whom)而不用that的情形
①在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who(whom)。
如：My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas.
②当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who(whom)。
如：Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students?
③当先行词为people和those时，只能用who(whom)。
如：Those who want to go there come here please.
④当先行词为one，ones，anyone，everyone，none，all（指人）时，只能用who(whom)。
如：Anyone who is against us is our enemy.
⑤先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用who。
如：The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days.
⑥在there be句型中名词作先行词的定语从句多用于关系代词who(whom)。
如：There are students in our class who/whom you have not met.
⑦当句子中两个指人的先行词分别带有两个定语从句时，若一个定语从句的引导词为that，那么，另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。
如：The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university.
（2）用that而不用who(whom)的情形
①当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，引导词只能用that。
如：The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong.
②当先行词前面有only，some，any，no，every，little，few，much，all，very等形容词修饰时，引导词只能用that。
如：He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher.
③当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时，引导词只能用that。
如：Who is woman that you talked with just now?
如何打开AI文件④the same as与the same that
the same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物；the same that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物，即：同一事物。如：
She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago.
她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。（暗含：她偷了我的上衣）
She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago.
她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。（暗含：她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件）
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
1、关系副词一览表
关系副词 | when | 时间 | 时间状语 | I will never forget the day when we met there. | 可用on which |
where | 地点 | 地点状语 | This is the house where I was born. | 可用in which | |
why | 原因 | 原因状语 | I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. | 可用for which | |
四、“介词+关系代词”以及关系副词引导的定语从句
1.概述
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式文体，使用的关系代词一般是which。whom既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。常见的有以下几种结构：
（1）介词+关系代词
Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.=Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice. （2）名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词
Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.
=Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels.
（3）形容词最高级+介词+关系代词
China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.
（4）介词+关系代词+名词
I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.
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