Unit 2 Company Structure
Text A Board of Directors, Chairman and CEO
A large business unit than an individual proprietorship or a partnership tends to be a corporation. Who makes corporate decisions? Typically, the dominant person will be the president or the managing director of the corporation, and this executive may be made the chairperson of the board of directors--- who, together with a small executive or steering committee of the board of directors, will advise and approve the actions of the president and the many vice-presidents. Then, what are the exact roles of board of director, chairman and CEO? | 一个比个人独资或合伙企业更大的商业单位往往是一个公司。 使公司决策? 通常,占主导地位的人是总统或公司的总经理,这可使行政董事会主席——人,加上一个小董事会、执行或指导委员会将建议和批准的行动总统和副总统。 那么，董事会、董事长和首席执行官的具体角是什么呢? |
Board of Directors
A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed persons who jointly oversee the activities of a company or organization. The body sometimes has a different name, such as board of trustees, board of governors, board of managers, or executive board. It is often simply referred to as “the board.” A board’s activities are determined by the powers, duties, and responsibilities delegated to it or conferred on it by an authority outside itself. These matters are typically detailed in the organization’s bylaws. The bylaws commonly also specify the number of members of the board, how they are to be chosen, and when they are to meet. In an organization with voting members, e.g., a professional society, the board acts on behalf of, and is subordinate to, the organization’s full assembly, which usually chooses the members of the board. In a stock corporation, the board is elected by the stockholders and is the highest authority in the management of the corporation. In a nonstick corporation with no general voting membership, e.g., a university, the board is the supreme governing body of the institution. The legal responsibilities of boards and board members vary with the nature of the organization, and with the jurisdiction within which it operates. For public corporations, these responsibilities are typically much more rigorous and complex than for those of other types. Typically the board chooses one of its members to be the chair or chairperson of the board of directors, traditionally also called chairman or chairwoman. | 董事会是由选举或任命的人员组成，他们共同监督公司或组织的活动。 该机构有时有不同的名称，如董事会、理事会、理事会或执行董事会。 它通常被简单地称为“董事会”。 董事会的活动是由外部的权力、职责和职责所决定的。 这些事项通常在组织的章程中详细说明。 细则通常也规定了董事会成员的数目，如何选择他们，以及他们何时会面。 在有投票成员的组织中，例如专业协会，董事会代表并服从于组织的全体大会，而全体大会通常选择董事会成员。俏江南张兰 在股份公司中，董事会由股东选举产生，是公司管理的最高权力机构。 在一个没有投票权的非棍棒公司，如大学，董事会是该机构的最高管理机构。 黄义达出家董事会和董事会成员的法律责任因组织的性质和其所处的管辖权而异。 对于上市公司来说，这些责任通常比其他类型的公司要严格和复杂得多。 通常情况下，董事会会选择其中一名成员担任董事会主席或主席，通常也称为董事长或主席。 |
Chairman
The chairman is the highest officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. A chair leads the board of directors, presides over meetings, and leads the board to consensus from the disparate points of view if its members. The chair is the presiding director over the other directors on the board and is expected to be fair, a good listener, and a good communicator. Directors have a high level of fiduciary responsibility for overseeing the operation of a corporation. The CEO is the head of the management committee and usually reports to the board, which is headed by the chair. | 主席是有组织的团体的最高官员，如董事会、委员会或审议大会。 主席领导董事会，主持会议，并带领董事会从不同的观点达成一致，如果其成员。 主席是董事会中其他董事的首席董事，他应该是公正的，一个好的倾听者，一个好的沟通者。 董事对监督公司运作负有高度的信托责任。 首席执行官是管理委员会的负责人，通常会向董事会汇报，董事会由主席领导。 |
Chair of the Board---Types and Their Relation to the Company Management
In the case of companies and similarly-organized bodies, there are generally two types of Chair: Non-executive and Executive.杨阳洋 快乐大本营 Non-executive Chair of Board: ·A part-time officeholder who sits on and chairs the main board of a company. ·Provides support and advice to a CEO. ·This position usually entails fulfilling a similar function on a number of additional board committees, as well as being a political figurehead of the company. Executive Chair of Board: ·A full-time officeholder who typically leads the board and also takes a hands-on role in the company’s day-to-day management. ·Help the CEO to oversee all the operational aspects involved in running the company, which include project planning and development, delivery, retail and leasing, sales, market research and many other areas within their extensive scope. ·Have overall responsibility for the company which involves engineering and controlling the company’s current growth in and future expansion into international markets. ·In addition, oversees all projects’ development activities and related businesses of the company, generating significant financial returns for the shareholders and driving sustainable development. The chairman often sets the style of leadership of the board which in turn filters down through the organization. In public companies, the role of the chairman of the board is distinct from that of the company’s CEO or managing director. This point has more recently been brought into focus after corporate governance shortcomings were observed in companies where the two roles are combined. It is believed that the separation of functions within the board of directors or in the structure of the supervisory board and management board would facilitate control over the workings of the company and increase the accountability of the CEO or chair of the management board. | 在公司和组织相似的机构中，通常有两种类型的主席:非执行董事和高管。 非执行董事会主席: •兼职办公室职员，担任公司董事会主席。 •为CEO提供支持和建议。 •这个职位通常需要在一些额外的董事会上履行类似的职能，同时也是公司的政治领导人。 执行董事会主席: •全职员工，通常领导董事会，并在公司的日常管理中发挥实际作用。 •帮助首席执行官监督公司运营中涉及的所有运营方面，包括项目规划和开发、交付、零售和租赁、销售、市场研究和其他广泛领域。 •对涉及到工程和控制公司当前增长的公司和未来扩展到国际市场的公司有全面的责任。 •另外，监管公司所有项目的开发活动及相关业务，为股东创造可观的财务回报，推动可持续发展。 董事长经常设定董事会的领导风格，而这种风格反过来又会在整个组织中被过滤掉。 在上市公司，董事会主席的角与公司的首席执行官或总经理是不同的。 这一点最近在两种角结合在一起的公司中发现公司治理的缺陷后，得到了更多的关注。 人们认为，董事会内部或监事会和管理委员会的结构中的职能分离，将有助于控制公司的运作，并增加首席执行官或管理委员会主席的责任。 |
CEO
A chief executive officer (CEO) or chief executive is one of the highest-ranking corporate officer (executive) or administrator in charge of total management. The CEO reports to the board of directors. Typically, a CEO has several subordinate executives, each of whom has specific functional responsibilities. Common associates include chief financial officer (CFO), chief operating officer (COO), chief technical officer (CTO), chief marketing officer (CMO), chief information officer (CIO), chief creative officer (CCO), and a director, or vice-president of human resources. | 首席执行官(CEO)或首席执行官是负责全面管理的最高级别的公司官员或行政官员之一。 首席执行官向董事会报告。 通常情况下，首席执行官有几个下属高管，每个人都有特定的职能职责。 普通合伙人包括首席财务官(CFO)、首席运营官(COO)、首席技术官(CTO)、首席营销官(CMO)、首席信息官(CIO)、首席创意官(CCO)以及人力资源总监或副总裁。 |
Comparison between the Board and the CEO
Here’s a brief outline of the primary roles and responsibilities of the board and CEO which can be used to help you define role, responsibilities and the relationship between them. | 以下是董事会和首席执行官的主要角和职责的简要概述，可用于帮助您定义角、职责以及它们之间的关系。 | |
Role of the Board | 董事会的作用 | Role of the CEO首席执行官的角 |
Appointed by and accountable to the shareholders Appoints the CEO 由…任命并对…负责股东 任命首席执行官 | Appointed by and accountable to the Board of Directors Appoints the staff 由董事会任命并对董事会负责 指定的员工 | |
开学第一课作文Ensures that the organization is abiding by the law and is responsible for statutory duties 确保本组织遵守法律，并符合法定职责。 | Manages the organization in order to ensure compliance 管理组织以确保遵从性。 | |
Represents the organization to the wider Community and stakeholders Governs the organization Responsible for policy formation 向更广泛的社区和利益相关者代表组织 管理组织 负责政策的形成 | Managers day to day contact---writes press releases etc Managers the organization Responsible for policy implement action 经理们每天的联系---撰写新闻稿等 经理组织 负责政策执行 | |
Responsible for strategic planning 负责战略规划 | Responsible for informing and guiding board on realistic and achievable goals Responsible for implementation of strategic plans 负责向董事会汇报现实可行的目标。 负责战略计划的实施 | |
Approves long term goals Monitor and evaluates the implementation of policy 批准的长期目标 监控和评估政策的实施 | Delivers on short term goals Provides the board with relevant material with which to make policy level decisions 实现短期目标 向董事会提供相关资料，以作出政策层面的决定 | |
Approves annual budget Establishes fund raising policy/targets Ensures annual audit 批准年度预算 建立融资政策/目标 确保年度审计 | Prepares annual budget Manages fund raising campaigns Liaises with auditors and provides all financial records 准备年度预算 管理基金募集活动 与审计师保持联系并提供所有财务记录 | |
Manages board meetings Signs legal documents 管理董事会会议 迹象表明法律文件 | Inputs to agenda for board meetings Liaises and manages relationships with the company’s legal representatives 董事会会议议程的投入 与公司法定代表人保持联系和管理关系 | |
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