老师给的医学英语词根，对不起老师了~~
2010-07-22 21:54:44 来自: spect(士不可以不弘毅，任重而道远！)
1．人体主要器官前缀 
名称 通用名 前（后）缀 常用形容词 示例 
心 heart cardiao- cardial cardium/carditis/cardiology 
脑 brain encepholo- cerebral cerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology 
肺 lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology 
肝 liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology 
胃 stomach gastro- gastric gastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology 
胆 gallbladder chole- biliary holecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy 
肠 intestine entero- intestinal enteritis/enterectomy/enterology 
脾 spleen splen- splenic splenitis/splenectomy/splenology 
胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis/pancreatectomy 
肾 kidney nephro- renal/nephric nephritis/nephropathy/nephrology 

演员陈佳





2．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀 
名称 通用名 前（后）缀 示例 
血 blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma 
血管 vessel vaso- vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular 
泰国乳神静脉 vein veno- venography/intravenous/venoconstriction 
动脉 artery arterio- arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis 
肌 muscle myo- mycology/myositis/myocarditis 
髓 marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma 
神经 nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/neuritis/neuron 
细胞 cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte 
尿 urine uro-/ur- urology/urosurgery/urogenital 
体 body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome 





3．与数字有关的前缀 
数字 前缀 示例 
一（单） mono-/uni- monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional 
二 bi-/di- bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide 
三 tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve 
四 tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia 
五 penta- pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride 
六 hexa- hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund 
七 hepta- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent 
八 octa- octahedral/octal system 
九 nona- nonapeptide/nonagon 
十 deca- decade/decagram/decaliter 
注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide
gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸） 






4．颜及与颜有关的前缀 
颜 通用名 前缀 示例 
color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer 
红 red erythro- erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer 
白 white leuko- leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira 
黑 black melano- melena/melanoma/melanoderma 
黄 yellow xantho- xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma 
蓝 blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia 
紫 violet/purple 
绿 green 
棕 brown brown mixture/brown ring 
橙 orange Victoria orange/ethyl orange/orange G 
粉红 pink oink frothy sputum 
绯红 crimson 
青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes 
注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”. 




5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1) 
含义 前（后）缀 形容词 示例 
病 patho- pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis 
/-pathy -pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy 
病态 -osis -otic neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis 
增多 leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis 
减少 -penia -penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia 
无 a-/an- atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia 
小/微 -let droplet/platelet/leaflet 
micro- microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus 
大/巨 macro- macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage 
-megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly 
复合/多 poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia 
全/泛 pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic 




6．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2) 
含义 前（后）缀 示例 
相反 dis- disease/disorder/disability 
困难/障碍 dys- dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea 
不良 mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice 
炎症 -it is appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis 
瘤/块 -oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma 
血症 -emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia 
痛 -algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer 
麻痹 -plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia 
流出 -rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea 
坏死 -necrosis necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia 
结石 litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes 




7．与方位有关的前缀有关西湖的诗句 
含义 通用词 前缀 示例 
上 upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/epithelium/supracostal 苏醒和李炜大打出手
下 lower/inferior nfra-/sub- infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous 
前 front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis 
/pre- 
后 back/posterior post-/retro- posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac 
王源吸烟后登央视内 inner/internal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial 
外 outer/external ex-/exo- extract/excretion/exocardial 
间 between inter- intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse 
旁/副 on the side of para- parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal 
周 around peri- perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum 
中心 central centri-/centra- centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus 
/centro- 
反/对 opposite counter-/contra- counterpart/countershock/contraindication 
注：in vivo/in’vaivou/活体内;in vitro/in vaitrou/活体外或试管内；in situ/in’saitju:/原位 






8．与外科手术有关的前（后）缀 
含义 前（后）缀 示例 
切除 -ectomy appendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy 
切开 -tomy tracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy 
切（割） -tome tracheotome/thoracotome 
吻合 -stomy duodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy 
成形术 -plasty tracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty 
整（矫）形 ortho- orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy 
造影 -graphy angiography/nephrography/phlebography 
经… trans- transdominal/translateral/transurethral 
注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：ortho-acid（正酸） 
-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy 
心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：
electrocardiogram心电图记录。 




9．与化学品有关的前（后）缀 
含义 前（后）缀 示例 
酸盐 ate sulfate/nitrate/acetate 
醇 -ol alcohol/propanol/taxol 
醛 -al retinal/methylal/propanal 
酮 -one acetone/progesterone/ketone 
糖西夏王陵 glyco- glycogenolysis 
saccharo- saccharomyces 
-saccharide polysaccharide 
酶 -ase reductase/transminase/kinase 
素 -in penicillin/heparin/nuclein 
原 -gen allogen/antigen/glycogen 
苯基/酚 phen-/pheno- phenol/phenate/phenetidin 
氨基 amino- aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine 




10．与“作用”有关的前（后）缀 
含义 前（后）缀 示例 
杀 -cide/-cidal insecticide/pesticide/bactericidal 
抑 -stasis/-static bacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic 
驱逐 -fuge febrifuge/centrifuge 
抗 -anti antibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen 
去/脱/除 de- dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization 
回/再/复 re- reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant 
冷冻 cryo- cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant 
否/去/分离 dis- disinfection/dissociate/dissection 
向后/退行 retro- retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac