浙图藏稀见清人曲作四种考略
作者:汪超宏
来源:《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)2011年第09
        [摘 要] 浙江图书馆藏清人黄图珌《栖云石》、夏秉衡《八宝箱》、王廷鉴《梅影楼》传奇和无名氏《照胆镜》杂剧为稀见之曲作。前三种虽有学者在著作和文章中涉及,但真正读到原作的极少;后一种未见任何曲书记载。《栖云石》的情节和主旨与《牡丹亭》类似,完成于乾隆六年(1741)。清代小说《风流悟》与此剧情节相同,姚燮《复庄今乐府选》选录其15出。《八宝箱》作于乾隆十四年(1749师胜杰什么病),题材来自于冯梦龙《情史》,姚燮《复庄今乐府选》选录其5出。抄本《梅影楼》取材于道光二十六年丙午(1846)至咸丰三年癸丑(怎样设置电脑开机密码1853)之间的实事,剧叙徐夔妻刘怡青在太平军入鄱阳城后跳井殉节事。抄本《照胆镜》4出,与清初朱云从《照胆镜》(已佚)传奇情节不同,叙明陈钺妻妾事。此剧当作于道光朝或其后。
        [关键词] 清代; 曲作; 考证
        Textual Research on Four Rarely Seen Dramas of the Qing Dynasty Collected by Zheji
ang Library
        Wang Chaohong
        (Department of Chinese Language and Literature, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China)
        Abstract:Zhejiang Library has several collections of rarely seen Chinese ancient dramas,for example,legends  Qiyunshi  by Huang Tubi,  Babaoxiang  by Xia Bingheng,  Meiyinglou  by Wang Tingjian,and an anonymous zaju  Zhaodanjing .Although some scholars have mentioned the first three in their monographs or articles,few have actually read the original works,while the last one has never been found in any drama collection.This article is a thorough study into the plots and themes of the four plays,as well as their compilation and spread. Qiyunshi ,the plot and theme of which are similar to those of  Mudanting ,was finished in 1741.A novel of Qing Dynasty entitled  Fengliuwu  shares the same plot.Yao Xie excerpted 15 chapters of  Qiyunshi  in his  Fuzhuang Jinyuefu Xuan.Babaoxiang ,written in 1749,took its plot from  Qingshi  by Feng Menglong
and Yao Xie excerpted 5 chapters in his  Fuzhuang Jinyuefu Xuan.Meiyinglou ,existing as a handwritten copy,was adapted from a real story which took place between 1846 and 1853,in which Xu Kui s wife,Liu Yiqing was portrayed as a martyr who killed herself by jumping into a well on the eve when the Tai Ping army entered the Boyang City.Different from the lost legend Zhaodanjing written by Zhu Yuncong at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,the handwritten 4 chapter  Zhaodanjing  tells the stories of Chen Yue s wives.It is supposed to be written during the reign of Daoguang or later.
        Key words: the Qing Dynasty; drama; textual research
        一、 黄图珌《栖云石》
侯京健的电影        松江华亭人黄图珌(1699—1758年后)有《雷峰塔》、《栖云石》、《解金貂》、《温柔乡》、《梦钗缘》、《梅花笺》、《双痣记》等传奇(其中有的是否为黄氏所作,尚有疑问)。就笔者目前所接触到的文献,阅读过《栖云石》传奇的研究者大概只有周妙中先生20世纪60年代,周妙中先生南下访书,在浙江图书馆寓目过该书。后在其《江南访曲录要》一文中对该剧出目、第一出《提纲》[恋芳春]词有所介绍,剧作的本事来源
文章身高多少
、情节结构、人物形象等均告阙如[122320世纪80年代,周先生又在《清代戏曲史》一书中对前文的内容重加介绍,未有增加[2秋瓷炫老公出轨215。大多数研究者无缘目睹此书,在著作中提及黄图珌及其剧作时,或据周文引录,如郭英德先生《明清传奇综录》在引录了周文的内容后,特别注明:此据周妙中《江南访曲录要》,情节梗概、本事考证,待续补3936937。齐森华先生主编《中国曲学大辞典》中《栖云石》条亦据周文介绍,并云:原书未见4512。或干脆不介绍此剧,如李修生先生主编的《古本戏曲剧目提要》[5]、廖奔、刘彦君先生的《中国戏曲发展史》[6]、吴新雷先生主编的《中国昆剧大辞典》[7]等均未提此剧。笔者因地利之便,得以详览浙图藏《栖云石》传奇。
        浙图藏《栖云石》传奇,上下两卷,32出。每卷首署:看山阁乐府,峰泖蕉窗居士填词。主持人李静每卷剧名下注:一名《人月圆》。卷首有署乾隆八年(1743)二月二日,峰泖蕉窗居士题于瓯东之春雨轩之自序,卷末有署癸亥(1743)中秋,同学弟张廷乐僭评之评语,署当湖陆汝钦题之七绝四首。
        黄图珌《看山阁集》南曲卷四[大石调花月歌伶人请新制《栖云石》传奇行世]谈到了《栖云石》传奇的演出与流传情况:《雷峰》一编,不无妄诞……至若续填之《栖云
石》,虽亦蹈袭陈言,附和往迹,然而字字写怨言情,笔笔描眉画颊。是月露风云之本,非蛇神牛鬼之荒谈。未能合乎时宜乎众。是以久贮囊中,秘而不宣者,已寒暑两易矣。今伶人欲请行世,窃恐复蹈前车,反为世所薄,余莫之许。伶遂重贿家僮,出原本与之录去。于是,酒社歌坛,莫不熟闻其声。二阅月,有客自姑苏至。顾余言及,始知家僮利财故耳。欲罚之,僮曰:卖爷文字,是买爷清名也。何罪之有?因发一大笑,乃免。8]南曲卷四,641642此云《栖云石》传奇秘而不宣者,已寒暑两易,黄图珌《栖云石》自序作于乾隆八年二月二日,则《栖云石》传奇的完成当在乾隆六年(1741)。