中考英语基础知识总结
一、自然拼读法基本规则和小窍门
01.字母q总是与u在一起,读做/kw/, 此处u不作元音
02.字母c在字母e, y, i前读做/s/ (cent, city, cycle), 其他字母前读做/k/(cut, cap, cop)。
03.字母e, i, y之前的字母g可以读做/j/(page, giant, gym), 其中字母e, i之前的g
也可以不读做/j/(get, girl, give); 其它字母之前的g读做/g/(gate, go, gust)。
04.元音a, e, o, u在音节结尾(开音节)一般读做字母音(长音a, e, o, u), 有助于学生正确划分并拼读元音字母+辅音字母+元音字母的不熟悉单词(report…rather than report)。
05.字母i和y经常读做/i/(big, gym), 但是也可读做/aɪ/(silent, my, type)。
06.一个英语单词用字母y而不是i的结尾(my, by)。
07.有五种情况末尾的字母e不发音.(如me, she, 和 he的短单词末尾的字母e读做e, 较长的单词末尾的e不发音) 尾字母e不发音应该被认为是”having a job” (承担一项工作)
7.1 bake gene time / type code cute 使他前面的元音字母发字母音。
7.2 love give blue true 使我们不要以一个v和一个u结束一个单词。
7.3 chance bodice charge allege 使g和c读软音/j/和/s/。
7.4 little castle bottle dabble fiddle 避免一个音节没有一个元音字母。
7.5 are nurse raise bye ewe owe cause 这一条被Spalding女士叫做无工作尾字母e; Sanseri女士叫做老工作尾字母e, 并说前四条之外的不发音尾字母e都叫做老工作尾字母e。
7.5.1 使一个不是复数形式的单词不要以s结尾(dense而不是dens, purse不是purs, false 不是 fals)。
7.5.2 加长短的主意词(main-idea), 如awe, ewe, rye
7.5.3 区分同音异形词的含义. 如or/ore for/fore
7.5.4 中英语和外来语中(那里的尾字母e是要发音的)留下来的, 现在不发音. 如treatise giraffe
08 .有五种字母组合发/er/的音/, 记住下面的句子:Her nurse first works early. 这个句子是按英语用法中的降序排列的。另外,or在w后业可以发/er/的音. 还要记住有些词尾的ar 和or也发/er/的音,如dollar,
doctor.
09.1-1-1规则: 单音节单词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变
化时, 需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化.(如hop---hopped). 但是词尾是x除外, 因为它由两个音/ks/
10.2-1-1规则: 双音节词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化(begin--- begin + ning). 第二个音节不重读的不能双写末尾辅音字母(enter, profit, budget)
11.去e规则, 以不发音的e结尾的单词在添加以元音开始的词尾变化是需要去掉末尾不发音的e.(come----coming)
12.是ie还是ei? 一般情况下, 应该是ie, 但是1) c之后用ei; 2)发字母a的音时, 用
ei(neighbor, weigh, vein). 还有下面的例外情形Neither foreign sovereign seized counterfeit forfeited leisure. Plus: either weird protein heifer:
13.音素sh用在一个基本词的开头或是结尾(she, dish), 还用在一个音节的结尾(finish), 但绝对不会在后一个音节的开头, 除非是以ship结尾(worship, friendship)
14.音素si, ti, ci最常用在一个基本词的第二及以后的开头, 发音/sh/. 常常可以通过考察词根和根词来确定发/sh/时用什么样的音素.比如:
infect to infectious / collect to collection / potent to potential
music to musician / space to spacious / finance to financial
soci (companion) to social / ancien (old) to ancient
cruc (cross) to crucial / speci (kind) to special
15.音素si在前一个音节以s结尾时(session)发/sh/, 一个基本词经过词尾变化后只有一个s(tense---tension), 其中的音素si发/sh/.
discuss to discussion / compress to compression / admis to admission
16.音素si可以发/zh/, 如vision, division, occasion, explosion。
17.只有一个元音的单音节词,常常双写词尾的l, s, f. 比如will, off, miss. 有时双音节词也用到这条规则, 如recess
18.词尾为长音a时, 常用ay在词尾而不是a. (bay, day, decay)
19.元音i和o后面有两个辅音时,常发长音. (find, old)
20.s从不在x后, 音素x包含一个/s/音, /ks/
21.去L规则1: all单独出现有两个l, 但在前缀中只有一个l.(almost, also, although)
22.去L规则2: till和full单独出现有两个l, 作后缀只有一个l. (until, plentiful)
23.音素dge只用在单元音后面,而且这个元音发短音(badge, edge, bridge, lodge, budge)
24.Y变I规则: 进行词尾变化时, 词尾是一个辅音字母+y, 要变y为i. 下列两种情况驻外(1)加-ing, (2)变后会引起音节分裂。
city/cities beauty/beautiful play/player funny/funniest
multiply/multiplying rely/reliable cry/cried deny/denied
25.音素ck只用在单元音后, 而且这个元音发短音(back, neck, lick, rock, duck)
26.字母开头的z永远发/z/, 不会发/s/
27.音素ed有三个音, 基本词以/t/和/d/音结尾, ed发/ed/(divide---divided,
heat---heated); 基本词以浊辅音结尾的, ed发/d/( lived), 以清辅音结尾的发/t/(stopped)
28.单词常常(always)在双辅音间分音节[但要注意不要把辅音字母组合分开(如ma the ma tic)], 重读音节的辅音才发音, 非重读音节的辅音不发音little。
翻译时, consonant译作辅音, vowel译作元音。
二、常用英语口语
1.You're welcome.别客气。
Thank you for the information.
You're welcome.
谢谢你提供的信息。
不客气。
2.Are you coming with me?
你能跟我一起去吗?
Are you coming with me or not?
你到底要不要跟我一起去?
3.As soon as possible.尽快。
Please make your decision as soon as possible.
请尽快做决定。
4.Are you sure?你确定吗?
Are you sure you should be up?
你确定你应该起来吗?
5.Believe me.相信我。
I was afraid that nobody would believe me.
我担心没有人会相信我。
6.It's easy.很容易。
It's easy for me.
这对我来说很容易.
7.Call me tomorrow.
明天打电话给我。
If you have time, will you call me tomorrow?
如果你有时间,明天给我打电话好吗?
8.Can you speak slowly?
你能说慢点吗?
Sorry, can you speak slowly? I couldn't catch you. 对不起,能够说慢点吗?我跟不上。
9.Come with me.跟我来。
Quick, come with me! 快跟我走啊!
10.Congratulations.恭喜。
Congratulations on your success last night!
祝贺你昨晚的演出成功。
11.What do you mean?你是什么意思?
What do you mean?It was my fault?
你是什么意思?这是我的错?
12.Do it right! 做得对!
Did he do it right?
他做得对吗?
13.Do you see him often?
你经常见到他吗?
Do you see him often play football?
你经常看见他踢足球吗?
14.Do you see it?
你看到了吗?
I can't find the key to the door, do you see it? 我不到门的钥匙,你看到了吗?
15.Do you want it?
你想要吗?
I have a dog, do you want it?
我有一只小狗,你想要吗?
16.Don't do it.不要做。
I forgive you, just don't do it again.
我原谅你,只是以后不要再犯了。
17.Wait for me.等等我。
Wait for me.I have to clean up.
等等我,我必须洗洗手。
18.Give me a hand.帮我一下。
Come and give me a hand in the garden.
到花园里来帮我一把。
19.Where are you going?
你去哪里?
Where are you going for your vacation this summer? 今年夏天你去哪儿度假?
20.That’s right.对了。
Today is Friday,right?
That's right.
今天是星期五吗?是的。
21.Tell me.告诉我。
Don't tell me you can't remember.
不要告诉我你记不起来了。
22.Have you finished?
你做完了吗?
Have you finished writing the article?
文章写完了吗?
23.That happens.
会发生,碰巧,恰巧。
There is a reason for every important thing that happens. 每件重要事情的发生都有原因。
24.I'm ready.我准备好了。
Okay.I'm ready.I think I can do it.
好的,我决心做了,我想我能做。
25.Let me see.让我想想。
Let me see,where did I put my pen?
让我想想看,我把钢笔放哪儿了?
26.How long are you staying?
你要待多久?
How long are you staying?
For a week.
你打算待多长时间?
两周。
27.I think so.我认为是这样的。
It ought to be stopped.
Yes, I think so.
这件事应该到此为止。
对,我也这么想。
28.It's nothing.没什么。
It's nothing, I just did what i should do.
这没有什么,我不过是做了我应该做的事情罢了。
s开头的英文单词29.I can do it.我能做。
If I can do it, so can you.
要是我都做到了,相信你也可以。
30.I can't believe it.
我简直不能相信。
I can't believe it! I'm so glad.
真不敢相信!我太高兴了。
31.I'm hungry.我饿了。
It's past dinner time and I'm hungry.
过了开饭时间了,我饿了。
32.I don't know anybody.
我一个人都不认识。
Do we have to be there? I don't know anybody there.
我们非去不可吗?我一个人都不认识的!
33.That’s interesting.很有趣。
That’s interesting to me.
这对我来说很有趣。
34.I'm sorry.对不起。
I'm sorry.How careless of me.
对不起,我太不小心了。
35.It's impossible.那是不可能的。
It’s impossible to get a taxi on such a rainy day. 下雨天是根本打不到车的。
36.Think about it.考虑一下。
Give me a few hours to think about it.
给我几个小时考虑一下。
37.I hope so.我希望如此。
Oh I see.I hope so.
哦,我明白了。我也希望如此。
38.It smells good.
闻起来很香。
I'd like some hamburgers.It's smells good!
我想吃汉堡包。闻起来真香啊!
39.I see.我明白了。
Oh, I see.That's why.
哦,我明白了。原来如此。
40.Not yet.还没有。
It has not yet definitely settled.
这事还没有明确解决。
41.I've had it.我受够了。
I've had it.Let's call it a day.
我受不了了,今天就到这儿吧。
42.I want to speak with him.
我想跟他说话。
I don't want to speak with him.
我不想跟他说话。
43.I would like a glass of juice, please.
请给我一杯果汁。
May I help you?
I would like a glass of juice, please.
需要帮忙吗?
请给我一杯果汁。
44.I'm bored.我很无聊。
I'm bored.Let's go home.
我觉得好无聊,我们回家吧。
45.I'm busy.我很忙。
What is it? I'm busy.
什么事?我忙着呢。
46.She is my best friend.
她是我最好的朋友。
I have a classmate.She is my best friend.
我有一个同学,她是我的最好的朋友。
47.I'm used to it.
我已经习惯了。
Thank you.I'm used to it.
谢谢你,我已经习惯了。
48.I'll miss you.
我会想念你的。
I'll miss you too, my friends.
我也会想念你们这些朋友的。
I'll miss you too, my friends.我也会想念你们这些朋友的49.I'll try.我试试看。
I'll try and hunt out the information you need.
我会努力到你要的信息。
50.You surprise me.
你让我大吃一惊。
You surprise me when you shouted my name.
你大叫我名字时,吓了我一跳。
三、衣食住行相关词汇
1.衣服  clothes [kləʊðz]
2.鞋子  shoes [ʃuːz]
3.帽子hat [hæt]
4.裤子pants [pænts]
5.衬衫  shirt [ʃɜːrt]
6.外套  coat [kəʊt]
7.裙子  dress [drɛs]
8.袜子  socks [sɒks]
9.手套  gloves [ɡlʌvz]
10.围巾  scarf [skɑːrf]
11.食物  food [fuːd]
12.米饭  rice [raɪs]
13.面包  bread [brɛd]
14.蔬菜  vegetables [ˈvɛdʒtəbəlz]
15.水果  fruit [fruːt]
16.肉类  meat [miːt]
17.鱼类  fish [fɪʃ]
18.牛奶  milk [mɪlk]
19.鸡蛋  eggs [ɛɡz]
20.糖果  candy [ˈkændi]
21.住宿  accommodation [əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃən]
22.房间  room [ruːm]
23.床铺  bed [bɛd]
24.沙发  sofa [ˈsoʊfə]
25.桌子  table [ˈteɪbəl]
26.椅子  chair [tʃɛr]
27.灯lamp [læmp]
28.电视  television [ˈtɛlɪvɪʒən]
29.空调  air conditioning [ɛr kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ]
30.浴室  bathroom [ˈbæθrum]
31.旅行  travel [ˈtrævəl]
32.飞机  airplane [ˈɛrpleɪn]
33.火车  train [treɪn]
34.汽车  car [kɑːr]