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教学课题
被动语态（基础篇）
教学目标
1. 学生能了解被动的定义和结构；
2. 掌握被动语态在初中阶段的用法。
重点难点
主动被变动的方法。
教与学流程：
想一想
                 
The lesson was taught by Mr Lin.  The boy is pulled down by the girl.    Jay is loved by many students.
【扫清障碍】--主要知识点
※定义：被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语Chinese是动词speak的承受者。
那么，这句话的主动语态该怎么说呢？——                                    
*小结：英语有两种语态：        语态和        语态；是通过        的变化表现出来的。
I被动语态的构成（be + done）
lady.gaga"助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词"构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken     试试造句：                                         
一般过去时：was／were＋spoken       试试造句：                                         
一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken    试试造句：                                         
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken试试造句：                                         
现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken   试试造句：                                         
过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken    试试造句：                                         
过去完成时：had been + spoken        试试造句：                                         
过去将来时：would be＋spoken        试试造句：                                         
II被动语态的用法
(1) Some new computers were stolen last night.　一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
  This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。(不知道桥是谁建的)
*用法小结1==》不知道或没有必要说明动作的        是谁。
(2) The glass was broken by Mike. 玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
  This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。
　Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
*用法小结2==》强调（主语是）动作的        ，而不强调动作的        。

III主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1) Many students love Jay.  —>          is loved by           .
All the people laughed at him. —>       was laughed at by             .
方法小结1：把主动语态的      变为被动语态的      。

(2) They make the bikes in the factory. —>           are made by       in the factory.
He taught the lesson in the school. —>           was taught by       in the school.
方法小结2：把谓语变成      (be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来      语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3) He cut down a tree. —>           was cut down by           .
She pulls down the boy. —>           is pulled down by           . 
方法小结3：谓语是短语时，把主动语态中的      放介词by后作      ，将      格改为      格。

(4) We can repair this watch in two days.  —>           can be           by us in two days.
  Lightening might start a fire. —>            might be _______ by lightening.
They need to do it at once. —>            need to be           at once.
方法小结4：含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由"            "构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后"to"仍要          。
读一读，记一记
被动语态的口诀
一般现、过用be done，be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。
一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。
将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing,
现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。
现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。
【考试链接】--题型与方法
1. China is becoming stronger and stronger, so Chinese ________ in more American schools now.
A. was taught  B. is taught  C. teaches  D. taught
【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是动词的语态和时态。Chinese 是一种语言，只能被人教，因此要用被动语态。又因为说的现在的情况，动词要用一般现在时。所以选B。
2. ---Did you win the football game?
  ---Bad luck. Our team __________ in the final one.
A. won  B. beat  C. was won  D. was beaten
【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是动词搭配和动词的语态。动词win通常和比赛一类的词连用，不与人或队连用，因此可以排除A和C。beat是个及物动词，既然我们的运气不好，就是输了，应该用被动语态。
3. - This painting ________ to a museum in New York in 1977.
A. sells  B. sold  C. was sold  D. is sold
【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是动词的语态和时态。This painting只能被卖，所以用被动语态，又因为是1977年卖的，所以用一般过去时。
【实战训练】--巩固与拓展
一、单项选择。根据句子的上下文选择最佳答案。
1. This photo ______ ten years ago.
A. takes B. is taken C. took D. was taken
2. You can only use the dictionaries here; they ______ out of the reading room.
A. can take B. can’t take C. can be taken D. can’t be taken
3. It is said that a new school ______ here soon.
A. will built  B. is built  C. will be built D. is building
4. ---What should we do first if we want to develop our village? ---More new roads ________, I think.
A. must build  B. are built  C. have built D. must be built
5. ---When can we get the exam results? ---They _______ to you next Monday.
A. will be sent  B. are sending  C. will send  D. are sent
6. English _______ by about 400 million people in English speaking countries.
A. is spoken B. speaks C. speak D. are spoken
7. ---I’ve never seen the tall building here! ---Oh, it _________ last year.
A. was built  B. was building  C. builds  D. built
8. ---I _______there would be a football match on Channel 5 tomorrow.
A. will tell  B. have told  C. was told  D. wasn’t
9. We’ll have three days off if the work _______.
A. finish B. can finish C. was finished D. can be finished
10. A football match _______ in our school next Monday.
A. will hold B. will be held C. is going to hold D. holds
二、根据提示以及上下文，用动词的适当形式填空。
1. Han Han's success cannot always be ______________(see) easily.
2. My homework has been _____________(finish).
3. The library was _______________(bulid) 80 years ago.
4. If city noises are increasing, people will be hardly ____________(hear) one day
5. The rooms _________________(paint) now, so Lady Gaga can’t live in.
6. Liu Xiang was told that the sports meet might be _______________(put off).
7. The coin on the ground _______________(pick up) by Obama at that time.
8. Those cars must _____________(repair) as soon as possible.
9. The young thief was _____________(catch) in a bank last week.
10. The window _____________(close) by my mother yesterday.
三、变换句式。把给出的主动语态变成变动语态。
1.主动: We must keep this in mind.
被动：                                         
2.主动：We shall not use the washing machine again.
被动：                                         
3.主动: We should take more measures to prevent corrosion.
被动:                                          
4.主动：They used to start these engines by hand.
被动：                                         
5. 主动：They had produced 100 cars by the end of last year.
被动：                                         
6. 主动：They have set up a power station in their home town.
被动：                                         
7. 主动：We use nuclear energy to produce electricity.
被动：                                         
8. 主动：Somebody cleaned my shoes yesterday.
被动：                                         
9. 主动：I shall send my second boy to school next September.
被动：                                         
10.主动：The old man takes care of two children.
被动：