摘要：目前，玻璃采光顶中庭被广泛应用于大型购物中心建筑中，此类建筑对中庭采光顶区域的设计诉求体现在美观、健康舒适、节能、维护成本低、管理简单等维度。合理设计玻璃采光顶的遮阳设施，对提升室内舒适度，降低空调运行能耗及运维管理意义重大。以银川市某购物中心为例，抛开传统内遮阳、外遮阳策略，对比分析了热致调光玻璃、三银Low-E中空玻璃、ETFE膜结构、中空夹胶碲化镉薄膜发电玻璃四种产品类型在采光顶中应用的遮阳、隔热、节能、采光等效果差异。其中，热致调光玻璃采光及遮阳性能均比较有优势，可减少中庭采光顶照明电耗，降低空调制冷及采暖电耗；产品与玻璃一体化，无需驱动设备，运营无需人工控制及管理，仅常规清洗维护即可，运营管理简单。
关键词：购物中心；中庭采光顶；遮阳；隔热；节能；采光；运营管理
Research on Shading Solutions of Lighting Atrium in Shopping Mall Building
Zhanlian Zhang , Shanyu Li
(Shenzhen Wonderland-time Green Building Technology Co., LTD , Shenzhen , 518000)
Abstract：At present, glass skylight atriums are widely used in large shopping mall buildings. The design appeal of such buildings to the atrium skylight area is reflected in the dimensions of beauty, health and comfort, energy saving, low maintenance cost, and simple management. Reasonable design of shading facilities of the glass skylight is of great significance to improving indoor comfort, reducing the energy consumption of air-conditioning and operation and maintenance management. Taking a shopping mall in Yinchuan city as an example, in addition to the traditional internal and external shading strategies, the paper compared and analyzed the shading, heat insulation, energy saving and lighting effects of four product types, including heat-induced dimming glass, triple-silver Low-E hollow glass, ETFE film structure and hollow laminated Cadmium telluride thin film power generation glass. Among them, the thermal dimming glass has advantages in lighting and shading performance, which can reduce the lighting power consumption of the atrium lighting roof, and reduce the power consumption of air-conditioning refrigeration and heating. The product is integrated with the glass, no driving equipment is required, no manual control and management are required for operation, onl
哈尔滨购物y routine cleaning and maintenance are required, and operation and management are simple.
Keywords：Shopping mall; atrium lighting roof; shade; heat insulation; energy saving; daylighting; operations management
0 引言
购物中心作为典型的商业综合体建筑，集多种商业形态于一体，功能性强，通常位于人流量大的城市中心区域，因此对建筑美观性、室内环境舒适性提出了更高的要求，目前，中庭采光顶配置基本已成为商场建筑设计必不可少的元素之一。购物中心建筑对中庭采光顶区域的设计诉求体现在美观、健康舒适、节能、维护成本低、管理简单几个维度，但采光顶在引进自然光的同时，不可避免引入了过量的太阳辐射得热，造成夏季空调能耗高，中庭区域闷热，甚至有阳光直射，影响顾客购物体验。
目前设计中通常采用建筑外遮阳、内遮阳、双银Low-E中空玻璃等方式解决中庭采光顶区域的热舒适性不佳、能耗高的痛点。崔艳秋等人研究了采光中庭织物型遮阳改造对室内热
环境的影响分析[1]。王剑平等人实测研究了建筑中庭玻璃屋面内遮阳对室内环境的影响分析[2]。刘庆军等人模拟计算得出采光顶设置内遮阳且增加采光顶排风装置有助于改善室内热环境和人体辐射换热量[3]。刘哲铭研究了哈尔滨大型商场中庭围护结构设计、中庭通风及遮阳等对热环境的影响[4]。赵洋等人模拟研究了在不同气候条件下中庭空间有无内遮阳、不同采光顶玻璃性能和中庭夜间通风节能效果的差异[5]。Nikhil K. Kapur 等人实验研究了外遮阳对太阳辐射得热量对于室内温度的影响[6]。
经调研，在实际运行中，外遮阳的遮阳性能优于内遮阳，但成本更高，对于曲面、异形采光顶存在安装、造型困难的问题；外遮阳百叶闭合时影响自然采光及视线，在大风季节，外遮阳构件存在被大风挂起掉落的安全隐患；后期运维需人为管控百叶开启或关闭，电机和线路寿命有限，维修成本高。内遮阳采用的遮阳天蓬或卷帘，在卷帘闭合时，完全遮挡视线，且需补充室内人工照明；遮阳效果好但隔热效果差；后期运维需人为管控，维修及清洗需搭架作业，维护成本高。采用双银Low-E中空玻璃可满足节能规范要求，但未充分考虑用户对热舒适环境的需求，体验差。以银川市某购物中心为例，通过实际产品调研及技术分析，对比了热致调光玻璃、三银Low-E中空玻璃、ETFE膜结构、中空夹胶碲化镉薄膜发电玻璃四种产品类型在采光顶中应用的遮阳、隔热、节能、采光等效果差异，为后续
采光顶设计提供技术参考。
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