通过研究历年考题发现,考生要准确补全文章空白处,使其意义连贯,应实现四种类型的语篇衔接,即语义衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接和惯用衔接。要实现这四种衔接,考生可联系上下文逻辑关系,或依据一些线索词来完成。下面我们从词汇、语法、语篇三个层面介绍一下完形填空的做题技巧。

(一) 词汇

完形填空中词汇测试重点:1、同义词、近义词辨析题(可分为从词义辨析、从习惯搭配辨析、从句型结构辨析三类);2、形近词辨析题;3、短语动词与动词词组题(可分为短语动词、动词词组及动词的结构);4、介词及其搭配题(可分为介词成语和复合介词短语与动词的固定搭配,与形容词或用做形容词的过去分词的固定搭配,与名词或代词的固定搭配)。选择时要根据上下文,甚至在通篇理解的基础上,往往不能根据一句话做出准确的选择,要防止“见树不见林”的现象。

(二) 语法


完形填空中常出现的语法考点:连词(名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句)、动词的时态、语态、语气、情态动词、非谓语、不定代词的用法、比较级的使用等等。

(三) 语篇

1. 利用句中的释义、同义替换或定语解释

在阅读过程中碰到意义不清的词语,有时句子本身就包含一些线索,如同义、反义关系、定义、比喻、同位语、举例、归纳、归类等等,考生要学会在句中出这些线索从而更好地理解短文内容。例如06年12月真题The Speaker has to translate thoughts into __80__ language. 80. A) body B) gesture C) written D) spoken 80题与language搭配的有A、C、D,本句话中的speaker给80题提供了信息,所以选择D。

2. 通过理解上下文语义,根据相关线索词作逻辑推理


(1) 原因、结果:表示某一事物发生的原因。表示原因的连词写在表示原因的句子内,结果连词用来连接某一事物所引起的结果。表达原因、结果的常用词或词组有:because,since,as,due to the fact that,so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,as a result, as a consequence,now that,in that等。

(2) 转折、让步:它表示后一种观点或事实与前一种观点或事实相比有些出乎意料。常用的词或词组有:however,vet,but,anyhow,anyway,nevertheless,in spite of等。

(3) 比较、对比:比较关系表示意义上的相似关系;对比关系表示意义上的不同或相反。表达比较、对比的常见词和词组有:in comparison,by comparison,like,as,just as,in contrast,by contrast,conversely,oppositely,on the contrary,instead of,rather than等。

(4) 列举:指叙述一系列相关的事实、观点等。表示列举逻辑关系的可以是单词,也可以是
词组,常见的有:first(ly),second(ly),third(ly)… …;first,next,then,last:one,two,three…;for one thing,for another thing…等。
(5) 递进:表示对前一个事实或观点做进一步的阐述。表示这种逻辑关系的词或词组常用的有:also,too,similarly,further,moreover,likewise,in addition,furthermore,what's more,not only…but also…,some…others…等。
3. 根据上下文,寻复现词语
词汇的复现关系是指某一词以原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、反义词、概括词等出现在语篇中,句子通过这种重现关系得到了相互衔接。根据这一原则,有时某一个空格所对应的答案可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词。我们可以根据这些复现词之间的有机联系到正确的答案。例如05年1月真题 The (way) you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 68 you money or can add (to) the cost. 68. A) save B) preserve C) raise D) retain此题有两种解题线索,第一可以通过文章的中心主题句判断答案,文章在开头句提出“理智的购买可以让你的钱越走越远,即理智的购买可以帮你省钱”(Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. ),由此推出答案选项是A;
第二也可以通过下文中you'll be saving money in the long 81 saving money的复现关系推出答案选项是A。
4.根据语境,利用文章线索、举例或提示
所谓语境就是我们常说的上下文。广义的语境指所有的上下文,段与段之间、句子与句子之间、句子与段之间的语义关系。一切语义的理解都离不开上下文。狭义的语境是指句子内部的词语在语义上的联系,我们根据这些联系和选项的辨析选出正确的答案,这种语境原则上应与词汇水平中的辨析结合起来。
由于完形填空的短文是一个意义完整、上下关联的语篇,它所讨论的是同一主题,行文中的替代现象和词语重复都是不可避免的。因此在解答时,应该瞻前顾后,寻相关线索,如同义、近义词,有时甚至直接搬用文章中的词语或短语。考生应该学会跳出句子层次,联系句与句之间的意义衔接和前后段落的呼应关系,在大范围内进行总体把握。
5.利用文章相关背景知识和常识
完形填空短文的内容经常涉及到的是日常生活或常识。例如,2007年6月考到的短文是关
于地震的话题。如果出现这种情况,要善于利用相关背景或常识来增强理解,帮助答题。例如2007年6月真题An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.it took some 75,000 lives, __67__130,000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. 67. A) injured B) ruined C) destroyed D) damaged 通过生活常识可以得知在地震中经常会报道有多少人受伤,多少人死亡,多少人无家可归,由此判断出答案应该是A,其他三个选项只能修饰建筑物,不能修饰人。
请在10分钟内完成以下题目
2010年6月真题
The term e-commerce refers to all commercial transactions conducted over the Internet, including transactions by consumers and business-to-business transactions. Conceptually, e-commerce does not 67 from well-known commercial offerings such as banking by phone, "mail order" catalogs, or sending a purchase order to supplier 68 fax. E-commerce follows the same model 69 in other business transactions; the difference 70 in the details.
To a consumer, the most visible form of e-commerce consists 71 online ordering. A customer begins with a catalog of possible items, 72 an item, arranges a form of payment, and 73 an order. Instead of a physical catalog, e-commerce arranges for catalogs to be 74 on the Internet. Instead of sending an order on paper or by telephone, e-commerce arranges for orders to be sent 75 a computer network. Finally, instead of sending a paper representation of payment such as a check, e-commerce 76 one to send payment information electronically.
In the decade 77 1993, e-commerce grew from an 78 novelty ( 新奇事物) to a mainstream business influence. In 1993, few 79 had a web page, and 80 a handful allowed one to order products or services online. Ten years 81 , both large and small businesses had web pages, and most 82 users with the opportunity to place an order. 83 , many banks added online access, 84 online banking and bill paying became 85 . More importantly, the value of goods and services 86 over the Internet grew dramatically after 1997.
67. A) distract C) differ
B) descend D) derive
68. A) with C) from
B) via D) off
69. A) appeared C) resorted
B) used D) served
70. A) situates C) roots
B) lies D) locates
71. A) on C) for
B) of D) to
72. A) reflects C) protects英语四级技巧
B) detects D) selects
73. A) sends in C) stands for
B) puts out D) carries away
74. A) visible C) feasible
B) responsible D) sensible
75. A) beside C) beyond
B) over D) up
76. A) appeals C) advocates
B) admits D) allows
77. A) after C) until
B) behind D) toward
78. A) optional C) occasional
B) invalid D) insignificant
79. A) communities C) corporations
B) corps D) compounds
80. A) largely C) solely
B) slightly D) only
81. A) lately C) late
B) later D) latter
82. A) offered C) equipped
B) convinced D) provided
83. A) Instead C) However
B) Nevertheless D) Besides
84. A) and C) but
B) or D) though
85. A) different C) widespread