Unit 4 The Translation of Diplomatic Declarations
外交宣言的翻译
国家元首与政府首脑的翻译
中文：国籍+职务+姓名 如：越南社会主义共和国总理文凯
英文：姓名＋职务＋国籍 如：Phan Van Khai, Prime Minister, Socialist Republic of Viet Nam
国家元首或政府首脑 | Heads of State/Government |
（国家或委员会）主席 | President |
总统 | president |
首相 | Prime Minister |
（共和国）总理 | Prime Minister |
（国务院）总理 | Premier (of the State Council) |
（某些伊斯兰教国家）苏丹 | Sultan |
Remarks:
(首相是内阁总理大臣的简称，日本人平时也是称呼首相的，只有重大场合，如觐见天皇，大选结束，重要外事活动才称呼内阁总理大臣，就像中国唐、宋两朝，宰相的正式称呼是同中书门下三品或者是同中书门下平章事，但是平时都是称呼为“宰相”一样。 )
On September 20th,2006, Abe Shinzo was elected as the new President of Jimindo party, and successfully took the post of Japan’s prime minister on September 26th. |
2006年9月20日,安倍晋三当选为新一任自民党总裁,并于9月26日出任新一届日本内阁总理大臣。 |
伊斯兰教国家里：
“哈里发”（ Caliph）是宗教领袖
“苏丹”（Sultan）是世俗统治者
2．外交文书四字格的实用
汉语四字格是经过长期锤炼而成的,是社会语言和文化的重要组成部分,是汉语语库里的一块瑰宝,体现出中华民族的智慧,体现了汉语语言的博大精深。四字格一般都有言简意赅,整齐匀称,形象生动的特点。汉语四字格是汉语中特有的词语组合现象,它不仅包含成语,还包含非固定的四字结构。汉语成语有百分之九十七采用四字格。四字格以其巨大的优势在英译汉中得到了广泛的运用。外交文书中的翻译也很常见。
例1
To Henry Kissinger, for whose wise counsel and dedicated services far beyond he call of duty I shall always remain grateful. From his friend, Richard Nixon
赠言亨利.基辛格
善进良策 献身尔职
逾于所司 永志不渝
你的朋友:理查德.尼克松
赠言亨利.基辛格
善进良策 献身尔职
逾于所司 永志不渝
你的朋友:理查德.尼克松
例2
1．The development goals set out in The UN Millennium Declaration should be fulfilled so as to build, at an early date, a world where reciprocity, balanced development, win-win cooperation and common prosperity prevail.
联合国《千年宣言》确定的发展目标应该切实得到落实，以早日建立一个各国互惠、平衡发展、彼此共赢、共同繁荣的世界。
2. As we cast our eyes over the horizon and towards the future, one thing is absolutely clear: China, with its ancient civilization and renewed economic and political vigor, will have a profound influence on the new world of the 21st century. 当我们展望世界，放眼未来，有一件事是非常清楚的：中国拥有悠久的古代文明史和新的 经济和政治活力，将对 21 世纪的新世界产生深远的影响。
3．我们要不断解放思想、实事求是，与时俱进、开拓创新。
We should continue to emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, keep pace with the times and make innovations in a pioneering spirit.
We should continue to emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, keep pace with the times and make innovations in a pioneering spirit.
4．反腐倡廉，既要治标，更要治本。
To combat corruption and build an honest government, it is necessary to treat both the incidental and fundamental aspects
To combat corruption and build an honest government, it is necessary to treat both the incidental and fundamental aspects
练习：
１．审计机关和审计人员办理审计事项，应当客观公正，实事求是，廉洁奉公，保守秘密。
２．从毁林开荒到退耕还林，从以粮为纲到以粮食换森林，这是中国林业发展史上一个重大转变。
３．上级党组织应充分听取党员和下级党组织的意见，集思广益，不断推进决策的科学化、民主化。
４．世界各种文明和社会制度，应长期共存，在竞争比较中取长补短，在求同存异中共同发展。
５．国务院和国务院授权的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对关系国计民生的重要农产品可以委托有关经营组织收购。
２．从毁林开荒到退耕还林，从以粮为纲到以粮食换森林，这是中国林业发展史上一个重大转变。
３．上级党组织应充分听取党员和下级党组织的意见，集思广益，不断推进决策的科学化、民主化。
４．世界各种文明和社会制度，应长期共存，在竞争比较中取长补短，在求同存异中共同发展。
５．国务院和国务院授权的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对关系国计民生的重要农产品可以委托有关经营组织收购。
练习：
１．审计机关和审计人员办理审计事项，应当客观公正，实事求是，廉洁奉公，保守秘密。
Audit institutions and auditors shall, in handling audit matters, be objective and fair, practical and realistic, clean and honest, and keep secrets.
Audit institutions and auditors shall, in handling audit matters, be objective and fair, practical and realistic, clean and honest, and keep secrets.
２．从毁林开荒到退耕还林，从以粮为纲到以粮食换森林，这是中国林业发展史上一个重大转变。
It represents a great change in China's forestry history from devastating forests for arable land to returning farmland into forests and from taking grain as the key link to changing grain for forests
It represents a great change in China's forestry history from devastating forests for arable land to returning farmland into forests and from taking grain as the key link to changing grain for forests
３．上级党组织应充分听取党员和下级党组织的意见，集思广益，不断推进决策的科学化、民主化。
The Party organizations at a higher level should listen to and collect views from Party members and Party organizations at a lower level so as to ensure that their decisions be
The Party organizations at a higher level should listen to and collect views from Party members and Party organizations at a lower level so as to ensure that their decisions be
made through a more scientific and democratic process.
４．世界各种文明和社会制度，应长期共存，在竞争比较中取长补短，在求同存异中共同发展。
Different civilizations and social systems should enjoy long-term coexistence and draw upon and benefit from each other in the process of competition and comparison and achieve common development while seeking common ground and shelving differences.
Different civilizations and social systems should enjoy long-term coexistence and draw upon and benefit from each other in the process of competition and comparison and achieve common development while seeking common ground and shelving differences.
５．国务院和国务院授权的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对关系国计民生的重要农产品可以委托有关经营组织收购。
The State Council or the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government empowered by the State Council may entrust relevant management organizations with the purchase of the major agricultural products relating to the national economy and the people's livelihood.
The State Council or the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government empowered by the State Council may entrust relevant management organizations with the purchase of the major agricultural products relating to the national economy and the people's livelihood.
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