四级考试作文训练
1 卷面整洁
2 字数达标
3 文体统一: 如不能用下面的句子结尾 “Do you agree with me ? That’s my opinion. That’s all, thank you; OK. This is what I want to say.”
“A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test(CET) .” The news causes a heated debate over the necessity of the test. Different people hold different opinions on this matter. This is quite natural because people have quite different experiences and views about the world. It is commonly accepted that such a test in China is very necessary. In contrast, others think it unnecessary.
5 文字连贯
一篇好文章应该表达流畅,语言连贯。连贯性主要体现在句子与句子，段落与段落的衔接上，这种衔接主要通过衔接词来实现。例如：
It is clear that television news can bring us massive important events, such as wars, games and so on, but it cannot cover stories in detail because of its time limitation. On the contrary, printed news excels in its ability to devote as much space to a story as it sees fit, though it cannot compete with television visually.
这一段中such as , but , because of , on the contrary , though五个衔接词把句子从语义上连接起来，形成一个有机的整体，读起来如行云流水，自然酣畅。
6 内容一致
7 词语多样
单词，句型使用的多样化不仅使文章生动，增强文章的可读性，同时也可反映出考生的词汇量和语言掌握的程度。考生在举例说明的段落中尤其要注意词语的多样性。再看下一段文字：
In a typical city there are five main sources of air pollution. Waste disposal is the least important —it causes only 3 percent of the total pollution. Heating accounts for 6 percent. The next important source is power plants—they account for 14 percent; and 17 percent of the pollution in the air comes from industry. But by far the most serious cause of air pollution is cars: cars alone cause 60 percent of air pollution in most large cities.
8 符合试题要求
无论是什么形式的作文都有写作内容上的要求。考生在动笔前一定要看清题目要求写哪些内容，要求从几个方面写，确保内容的完整性。四级写作有一条扣分标准：
作文缺段 | 缺第一部分 | 缺第二部分 | 缺第三部分 |
扣分标准 | 扣3分 | 扣10分 | 扣7分 |
9 语言流畅
语言流畅，文章通顺，表达准确，是考生的高分的基础。For example:
Last year the British public spend 2000,000,000 pounds on pet food alone, to say nothing of animal care bills and furniture. It is difficult not to feel resentful about this when one considers what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty, and it is not unusual for me to get hot under the collar when I read about another old person who has spent all his money on a dog or cat at home.
10 首尾呼应
“A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test(CET) .” The news causes a heated debate over the necessity of the test. Different people hold different opinions on this matter. This is quite natural because people have quite different experiences and views about the world. It is commonly accepted that such a test in China is very necessary. In contrast, others think it unnecessary.
……
Therefore, the test of spoken English is necessary.
可以看出文章第一句和最后一句均提到spoken English 的必要性，首尾遥相呼应，使文章主题表达准确，完整。
11 检查到位
这个重要环节往往被考生忽视。在写完短问后一定要耐心地再读一遍，即可避免不该发生的错误。考生在检查修改时应着重注意以下三个方面的内容：
1. 拼写错误—看似小事， 但事关重大。
2. 语法错误—时态，语态，语气，单复数， 主谓语一致，拼写，大小写和标点符号。
3.句子是否完整
二、四级作文的试题类型
(一) 现象解释型
此类作文在四级考试作文中比较常见. 命题主要要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释, 并加以评论。 其基本结构是: 首先说明现状, 其次阐述这种现状产生或存在的原因,最后做出结论或提出建议.现象存在的原因是文章非常重要的部分,解决问题的方案可有可无.
(二) 对比选择型
这类题型直接要求考生比较两种观点或两种做法, 进而表明自己对该问题或事物的态度或观点， 也就是做出选择.
(三) 问题解决型
此类题型要求考生从描述文字/图画入手,解释试题文字/图画反映出的问题,指出问题的危害性或解决这一问题的紧迫性,然后对问题展开分析,提出解决问题的方案或应对措施;最后一段要求考生表明自己对这一问题的态度,做法等.这类题型突出的是解决问题的办法,解决方法是不可或缺的,而原因只是为了更好的说明方法的合理性.
(四) 观点论证型
这类作文往往要求考生根据题目给出的论点按照提纲的结构要求对其进行论证,然后表明自己的立场和看法.通过摆事实,将道理的方式剖析事物, 论述势力,发表意见,确立或否定某一主张
(五) 应用文
四级作文的三段式结构
题型 | 第一段 | 第二段 | 第三段 |
现象解释型 | 描述现象 | 说明现象产生的原因 | 表明个人的观点态度或阐述个人做法 |
对比选择型 | 表明一方或双方的观点 | 表明另一方的观点及理由或指出双方观点的不足之处及理由 | 表明个人观点或阐述个人做法 |
问题解决型 | 提出问题 | 分析问题,给出解决方案 | 表明个人的观点态度或阐述个人做法 |
观点论证型 | 提出论点 | 例证论点 | 得出结论或表明个人看法与做法 |
应用文 | 描述事实 | 阐述原因 | 表明观点或提出建议 |
三.十二句作文法写作模板
<一 >现象解释型
现象解释型模板一
1. Recently, ________________.
2. What amazes us most is __________________.
3. It is true that ______________________________.
4. There are many reasons explaining ______________.
5. The main reason is ___________________.
6. What is more , __________________________
7. Thirdly, _____________________
8. As a result, ___________________.
9. Considering all these,_____________________.
10. For one thing, ______________.
11. For another, ___________________.
12. In conclusion,______________
现象解释型模板二
1． As is known to all, __________.
2. _____ seem to get accustomed to _______.
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