成⼈英语三级考试频道为⼤家推出【】考⽣可点击以下⼊⼝进⼊免费试听页⾯！⾜不出户就可以边听课边学习，为⼤家的梦想助⼒!
2017年成⼈学位英语考试阅读理解强化练习及答案四
成人英语三级  Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem-how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bubs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well that no conventional fuel is needed to make the campus's six buildings comfortable.
  Some parts of most modern buildings-theaters and offices as well as classrooms are more than amply heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called "heat recovery." A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University's system is the first to recover heat from some buildings and re-use it in others.
  Along the way, pit has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. (76) Male students emit more heat than female students, and t
he larger a student, the more heat he produces. It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hardworking, overweight male genius.
  1. Until recently, body heat has caused problems because it ______.
  A. was difficult to collect
  B. came in a variety of forms
  C. was difficult to get rid of
  D. tended to be absorbed by physical objects
  答案：C 答案是开头的第⼆句：The usual problem is how to dispose of it.Dispose of“处理解决”。
  2. Which of the following is true of the heating system of the Johnstown campus?
  A. The heat is supplied by human bodies only.
  B. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and other heat-emitting objects.
  C. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and conventional fuel.
  D. The heat is supplied by human bodies, other heat-emitting objects, and conventional fuel.
  答案：B 答案在第⼀段的第三句中。他们设计了⼀种收集系统，它不但利⽤⾝体的热，还收集由灯泡、冰箱等散发出来的热。有了这两种热能，作者指出在校园中已⽆需任何conventional fuel
  3.The phrase "even in winter" (in line 8) most nearly means ______.
  A. if the winter is especially warm
  B. during all of the year except the winter
  C. in the winter as well as in other seasons
  D. during the evenings in the winter
  答案：C 第⼆段中说：⼤多数现代化的⼤楼有些部分-戏院、办公室以及教室是⽤⼈体和灯光的热来供热的，有时候甚⾄在冬天的空调也是由它们来供热。Even意为“甚⾄”。
  4. The phrase "heat recovery" refers to a ______.
  A. method of concealing the source of heat
  B. special form of air conditioning
  C. supplementary hot water system
  D. way of reclaiming and re-using heat
  答案：D 回收再利⽤热能。此题考察学⽣对全⽂的总结能⼒，以及reclaim和re-use的词义。
  5. According to the passage which of the following would produce the LEAST amount of heat?
  A. A fat female who studies hard.
  B. A thin female who does not study.
  C. A fat male who does not study.
  D. A thin male who studies hard.
  答案：B 最后⼀段倒数第⼆句说：男学⽣发出的热量⽐⼥⽣发出的热量多，学⽣体重越重产⽣的热量越多。学习刻苦的⽐学习不刻苦的产⽣的热量多。所以最瘦的⼥⽣产⽣的热量最少。
  Education is vital to a nation which holds the reins of economy over the world, so it is to an individual who strives for better livelihood in a highly competitive society like the Americans.
  New technology and automation create opportunities as well as challenges to the American people. Machines now take the sweat out of labor, and computers perform tedious mental chores. They have eliminated many of the menial, dirty, or dull jobs, but also entail challenges that can be met only by a better prepared work force. More education and more skill will be the chief requisite for a job.
  In the United States, primary schools and high schools offer a broad education to provide a sound foundation in English, mathematics, arts and physical and social sciences. Subordinate to the broad education, both college preparatory and vocational courses are taught under one roof in the comprehensive high schools. Academic, business and technical courses are taught in the 2-year community and junior colleges. Many of their graduates decide they need more schooling and go on to regular colleges and universities. Skill centers in many large cities provide trainings and retraining for youngsters who leave high school and want to qualify for skilled occupations in industries or subprofessional and technical jobs in service fields. Vocational high schools provide “marketable skills” to young men and women who will never go to colleges. Also there are technical institutes under federal sponsorship and a vast range of in-school and on-the-job training programs financed by labor d
epartments and industries.
  6.What does better education mean to the American people?
  A.Education making them learn how to use modern machines.
  B.Education making students be able to communicate with foreigners.
  C.Education including English, mathematics, arts, and physical and social sciences.
  D.Education making a person get well-paid job.
  答案C。见原⽂第三段第⼀句。由于当今美国的新技术为从业者带来了更多的挑战，在⼩学和中学⾥，开设了⼀系列的教育课程。C项所述与原⽂意思相符，故本题的正确答案为C.
  7.What have advanced technology and automation done to Americans?
  A.Created chances and challenges to the Americans.
  B.Forced them to get high position in their work.
  C.Made them manage to earn much more money.
  D.Given them chances to communicate with foreigners.
  答案A。参见原⽂第⼆句。新技术的开发为美国⼈创造了机会，同时也带来了挑战。A项与原⽂相符，B、C、D 三项所述不符合原⽂意思。故本题应选A.
  8.What courses are available in a comprehensive high schools?
  A.Academic courses.
  B.Mathematics.
  C.Technical courses.
  D.Vocational courses.
  答案D。见原⽂第三段第⼆句。在美国综合性中学⾥也讲授附属于普及教育的⼤学预科和职业课程。D项符合原⽂。
  9.What trainings are available to young people who do not go to colleges after they graduate?
  A.Trainings in junior colleges.
  B.Trainings in skill centers.
  C.Trainings in work.
  D.Trainings in community colleges.
  答案B。见原⽂第三段第九⾄⼗⼆句。许多离开中学的年轻⼈想成为企业中熟练⼯种的或服务⾏业中次专业和技术⼯作的合格⼈才。许多⼤城市的技术中⼼为他们提供训练与再训练的机会。B项符合原⽂。
  10.Which of the following is the major requirement for a job?
  A.More education.
  B.More skill.
  C.More chances.
  D.Both A) and B).
  答案D。见原⽂第⼆段最后⼀句。受过良好教育以及具有较多技能是当今美国⼈⼯作时必须具备的主要条件。D项符合原⽂;A.B两项有失偏颇;C项与原⽂不符。
  Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do especially in tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. "It's amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves," he says.
  "Resumes(简历)arrive with stains.Some candidates don't bother to spell the company's name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate," Crossley concludes. "If they cannot take care of these details, why should we trust them with a job?"
  Can we pay too much attention to details? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. "To keep from losing the forest for the trees," says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, "we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we are working on fit into the larger picture. If they don't, we should drop them and move to something else."
  Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. "The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time." says Garfield. But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal.This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary. Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.
  Too often we believe what accounts for others' success is some special secret or a lucky break(机遇). But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.
  11.According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected_____.
  A.because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resume
  B.because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resume
  C.because they failed to give a detailed description of their background in their applications
  D.because they eliminated their names from the applicants’ list themselves
  答案A.答题依据是第⼀段最后⼀句话"It's amazing how many candidates to eliminate themselves," ”he say. 和第⼆段第⼀句Resumes arrive with stains.前⼀句是结果，后⼀句是原因。题⼲中job applicants，rejected分别与⽂中
candidates，eliminate对应。答案选项中的carelessness与⽂中stain对应。
  12.The word "perfectionists" (Para. 3, Line 1) refers to those who_____.
  A.demand others to get everything absolutely right
  B.know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstances
  C.pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectives
  D.are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do
  答案C.答题时⾸先要依靠上下⽂。第三段第⼀句话中的too…to结构是设问：我们会不会对细节过份注重?第⼆句话中struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they wor toward意思是：以牺牲要做的⼤事为代价⽽注重⼀些鸡⽑蒜⽪的⼩事。由此可见Perfectionists(完美主义者)是⼀种事⽆巨细⼀概追求尽善尽美，但往往⼜失去主要⽬标的⼈。后⼀句To keep from the forest for the trees相当于中⽂的“只见树⽊不见森林”，“抓了芝⿇丢了西⽠”⼀类说法。答题时还应搞清这⼀段在全⽂语篇发展中所起的承上启下的作⽤。本⽂前两段是批评⼈们粗枝⼤叶，不拘⼩节。这⼀段转⽽告诫⼈们不要过于拘泥于⼩节，吹⽑求疵，⽽应该在注意细节的同时不忘整体。
  13.Which of the following is the author's advice to the reader?
  A.Although too much attention to details may be costly, they should not be overlooked.
  B.Don't forget details when drawing pictures.
  C.Be aware of the importance of a task before undertaking it.
  D.Careless applicants are not to be trusted.
  答案A.推理依据有两处，第⼀处是第三段第⼆句话中struggle over little things at the cost of something larger，⾔下之意是：过于注重细节往往要付出很⼤代价。另⼀处是⽂章最后⼀段的最后⼀句话，意思是：只要⼈们把⼿头的⼀件件⼩事做好就可能得到很⼤的报偿。根据这两处所述，我们可以推断，作者会这样劝告⼈们“虽然过于注重细节可能要付出⼤的代价，但我们还是不应该忽略它们”。
  14.The example of the Apollo II moon launch is given to illustrate that _______.
  A.minor mistakes can be ignored in achieving major objectives
  B.failure is the mother of success
  C.adjustments are the key to the successful completion of any work
  D.keeping one's goal in mind helps in deciding which details can be overlooked
  答案D.⾸先要考虑作者在第三段的后半部分引⽤Charles Garfield所说的话We must constantly ask our
selves how the details we're working on fit into the larger picture. If they don't, we should drop them and move to something else(我们必须不断地问⾃⼰，当前做的细节⼩事是否与整体⼤事相适应。如果不是这样，就应该放下它们，去做别的事)。作者的观点是：⼈们在做事时应时时注意调整局部与整体的关系。那么，什么是整体?在第四段中，作者以the Apollo II moon launch为例证，具体说明：⽬标是整体的关键所在，即在做事的过程中不断调整局部与全局的关系是为了最终实现已确定的⽬标。
  15.The best title for this passage would be ________.
  A.Don't Be a Perfectionists
  B.Importance of Adjustments
  C.Details and Major Objectives
  D.Hard Work Plus Good Luck
  答案C.答案应综合⽂章前后两部分的内容。前半部分说明粗枝⼤叶的害处，后半部分说明光注重细节⽽忽略细节与整体的关系同样是有害的。⼲扰项A、B内容均太窄，D项是细枝末节，与⽂章中⼼思想关联甚少。Passage Four本⽂介绍了古今世界各地不同的婚俗风情。
  When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保单), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.
  A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favour, assuming he or she has a just claim.
  Consumers shoud complain in person when e v e r p o s s i b l e , b u t i f t h e y c a n n o t g e t t o t h e p l a c e o f p u r c h a s e , i t i s a c c e p t a b l e t o p h o n e o r w r i t e t h e c o m p l a i n t i n a l e t t e r . / p > p > 0 0 C o m p l a i n i n g i s u s u a l l y m o s t e f f e c t i v e w h e n i t i s d o n e p o l i t e l y b u t f i r m l y , a n d e s p e c i a l l y w h e n t h e c o n s u m e r c a n d e m o n s t r a t e w h a t i s w r o n g w i t h t h e i t e m i n q u e s t i o n . I f t h i s c a n n o t b e d o n e , t h e c o n s u m e r w i l l s u c c e e d b e s t b y p r e s e n t i n g s p e c i f i c i n f o r m a t i o n a s t o w h a t i s w r o n g , r a t h e r t h a n b y m a k i n g g e n e r a l s t a t e m e n t s . F o r e x a m p l e , &q u o t ; T h e l e f t s p e a k e r d o e s n o t w o r k a t a l l a n d t h e s o u n d c o m i n g o u t o f t h e r i g h t o n e i s u
n c l e a r &q u o t ; i s b e t t e r t h a n &