2022年成人英语三级阅读理解解题方法：因果
条件题
(一)缘由题型
缘由通常成为考点，它的主要消失方式如下。
1.段落(含首段)第一句假如表达一种因果关系，通常为考点。
2.文章中细节性的因果关系――通常由一些表示因果关系的词汇手
段表达。
(1)表示因果关系的名词：basis(依据)，result，consequence，reason;
(2)表示因果关系的动词：result in(结果)，result from(由于，由……)，follow from(……结果)，base…on…(以……为根底)，be due to(由于);
(3)表示因果关系的连词或介词：because，since，for，as，therefore，so，thus，why，with;
(4)表示因果关系的副词：as a result，consequently等。
(二)条件题型
条件关系通常也是考点，它的主要消失方式如下。
1.以when、if、as等连词引导的条件从句。
2.文章中细节性的条件关系――通常由一些表示条件关系的词汇手
段表达：如depend upon(取决于)，determine(打算)等。
例1
wher do pesticides(杀虫剂)fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil, water, and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world? We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers, and others exposes to sufficient quantities of pesti-cides is very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbin
g small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.
Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative(积存的)over long periods of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his life-time. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature
to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. “Men are naturally mo.st impressed by diseases which have obvious signs,“says a wise physician, Dr. Rene Dubos, “yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed.“
People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemicals because____.
A. limited exposure to them does little harm to people”s health
B. the present is more important for them than the future
C. the danger does not become apparent immediately
D. humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning
这道题考点涉及缘由。假如阅读时圈划了有关因果关系提示词，这道题就比拟简单做了。因果关系提示词在其次段其次句：For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored.由此可知本段的前部为答案所在：化学制品的生物作用是长期积存的结果；化学制品对人危害的大小取决于人一生中接收的剂量的多少。C项：“化学制品的危害没有马上显现出来”表达的正是这个意思，所以是正确答案。
例2
It is likely that the dispute regarding flats versus(对，对抗)individual houses will continue to rage on for a long time as
far as Britain is concerned. And it is unfortunate that there should be hot feelings on both sides whenever this subject is raised. Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption(设想)that everyone prefers an individual home and garden and on the high cost per unit of accommodation. The latter ignores the higher cost of providing full services to a scat- tered community and the cost in both money and time of the journeys to work for the suburban resident.
Some people oppose the building of flats because
成人英语三级A. the living expenses for each individual family are higher
B. it involves higher cost compared with the building of houses
C. they believe people like to live in houses with gardens
D. the disposal of rubbish remains a problem for those living in flats
这道题考点同样涉及缘由。依据题干中的关键词组0ppose the building of flats定位到含有缘由表达法(base…on，意为“以……为依据”)的相关句：Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption(设想)that everyone prefers an individual home and garden and on the high cost per unit of accommodation.反对建公寓的人最主要的依据是，人们都喜爱独居于带花
园的住房中，由此可知C项为正确答案。
例3
Even plants can run a fever, especially when they”re under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away -- straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared(红外线)scanning technolo-gy developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are un-der stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide(杀虫剂)spraying rather th
an rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don”t have pest(害虫)problems.
Even better, Paley”s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop prob-lems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were trans- formed into a color-coded map showing wher plants were running “fevers“. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.
The bad news is that Paley”s company closed down in 1984, after